diff --git a/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/CRMarchaeo_v1.4.rdfs.xml b/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/CRMarchaeo_v1.4.rdfs.xml
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diff --git a/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/CRMdig_v3.2.1.rdfs.xml b/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/CRMdig_v3.2.1.rdfs.xml
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/CRMdig_v3.2.1.rdfs.xml
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+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises identifiable immaterial items that can be represented as sets of bit sequences,
+ such as data sets, e-texts, images, audio or video items, software, etc., and are documented as single units.
+ Any aggregation of instances of D1 Digital Object into a whole treated as single unit is also regarded as an instance of D1 Digital Object.
+ This means that for instance, the content of a DVD, an XML file on it, and an element of this file, are regarded as distinct instances of
+ D1 Digital Object, mutually related by the P106 is composed of (forms part of) property.
+A D1 Digital Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously.
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises events that result in the creation of instances of D9 Data Object that
+ represent the appearance and/or form of an instance of E18 Physical Thing such as paper documents, statues, buildings, paintings, etc.
+ A particular case is the analogue-to-digital conversion of audiovisual material.
+ This class represents the transition from a material thing to an immaterial representation of it.
+ The characteristic subsequent processing steps on digital objects are regarded as instances of D3 Formal Derivation.
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises events that result in the creation of a D1 Digital Object from another one following a deterministic algorithm,
+ such that the resulting instance of digital object shares representative properties with the original object.
+ In other words, this class describes the transition from an immaterial object referred to by property L21 used as derivation source (was derivation source for)
+ to another immaterial object referred to by property L22 created derivative (was derivative created by) preserving the
+ representation of some things but in a different form. Characteristic examples are colour corrections, contrast changes and resizing of images.
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises events that happen on physical digital devices following a human activity that intentionally caused its
+ immediate or delayed initiation and results in the creation of a new instance of D1 Digital Object on behalf of the human actor.
+ The input of a D7 Digital Machine Event may be parameter settings and/or data to be processed.
+ Some D7 Digital Machine Events may form part of a wider E65 Creation event.
+ In this case, all machine output of the partial events is regarded as creation of the overall activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises identifiable material items such as computers, scanners, cameras, etc. that
+ have the capability to process or produce instances of D1 Digital Object.
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises instances of D1 Digital Object that are the direct result of a digital
+ measurement or a formal derivative of it, containing quantitative properties of some physical things or other constellations of matter.
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises events by which a digital device runs a software program or a series of computing
+ operations on a digital object as a single task, which is completely determined by its digital input,
+ the software and the generic properties of the device.
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises actions measuring physical properties using a digital device,
+ that are determined by a systematic procedure and creates an instance of D9 Data Object,
+ which is stored on an instance of D13 Digital Information Carrier.
+ In contrast to instances of D10 Software Execution, environmental factors have an intended influence on the outcome of an instance of D11 Digital Measurement Event.
+ Measurement devices may include running distinct software, such as the RAW to JPEG conversion in digital cameras.
+ In this case, the event is regarded as instance of both classes, D10 Software Execution and D11 Digital Measurement Event.
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises events that transfer a digital object from one digital carrier to another.
+ Normally, the digital object remains the same. If in general or by observation the transfer implies or has
+ implied some data corruption, the change of the digital objects may be documented distinguishing input and output
+ rather than instantiating the property L14 transferred (was transferred by).
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises all instances of E84 Information Carrier that are explicitly designed to be
+ used as persistent digital physical carriers of instances of D1 Digital Object.
+ A D13 Digital Information Carrier may or may not contain information, e.g., an empty diskette.
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises software codes,computer programs,procedures, and functions that are
+ used to operate a system of digital objects.
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises the proper noun name that identifies a person that acts
+as an entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises objects that make propositions about other artefacts.
+ Instances of this class are not the attributes themselves, by which things are annotated,
+ but represent the connection between the concepts related in a proposition, and the activities of creation, modification and deletion.
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises events that describe the creation of associations (Annotation Objects) between objects
+ or areas of objects of the Repository, with other objects or regions or persons, places, events. It is the event that creates the Annotation Object.
+
+
+
+
+ This class describes a part (of any shape or size) of interest in basically any media object stored in the Object Repository,
+ i.e., a text, an image, a video or a 3D model. It points to content consisting of just a portion or area of a file.
+In some contexts, however, the area can also point to content represented by an integral (i.e., proper) file. It is equal to the METS AREA element
+
+
+
+
+
+This property associates an instance of D2 Digitization Process with an instance of E18 Physical Thing which is a material thing.
+This property is a specialisation of P39 measured (was measured by).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This property associates an instance of D10 Software Execution with an instance of D1 Digital Object
+ which is used as a source, a software essential for the performance.
+This property is a specialisation of L10F had input (was input of).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This property associates an instance of E1 Entity with an instance of resource used as a preferred lexical label.
+This property is a specialisation of rdf schema label.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This property associates an instance of D7 Digital Machine Event with an instance of D1 Digital Object
+ which is the input used to specify the machine action.
+This property is a specialisation of P16 used specific object(was used for).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This property associates an instance of D7 Digital Machine Event with an instance of D1 Digital Object
+ which is the output of the activity.
+This property is a specialisation of P94 has created (was created by).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property associates an instance of D7 Digital Machine Event with an object,
+ the D8 Digital Device, which happened with, e.g a capturing event that happened on/with a digital camera, etc.
+This property is a specialisation of P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This property associates an instance of D10 Software Execution with a digital object
+ used as a parameter during the process.This property is a specialisation of L1O had input (was input of).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property identifies a digital object transferred by a D12 Data Transfer Event.
+This property is a specialisation of L11 had output (was output of).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property identifies a digital device used as a medium on which data are transferred
+through a D12 Data Transfer Event.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property identifies a digital device used as a medium to receive data
+through a D12 Data Transfer Event.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property associates an instance of D11 Digital Measurement Event with the instance of E55
+Type of object to which it applied. This property is a specialisation of P125 used object of type.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property identifies a Digital Information Carrier modified in a Digital Machine Event.
+This property is a specialisation of P31 has modified.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property associates an instance of a D13 Digital Information Carrier with the instance of Digital Object
+that is stored on it. This property is a specialisation of P128 carries.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property identifies a Data Object that came into existence as a result of a D11 Digital Measurement Event.
+This property is a specialisation of P40 observed dimension and L11 had output.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property associates an instance of a D3 Formal Derivation with the instance of D1 Digital Object that is used as a derivation source.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property associates an instance of D3 Formal Derivation with the Digital Object it used to create a version of.
+This property is a specialisation of L11 had output.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property associates an instance of D7 Digital Machine Event with the instance of D14 Software that had used.
+This property is a specialisation of P16 used specific object.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property identifies the logfile that was created by a D10 Software Execution in order to record all the activities in the system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property describes the participation of a Legal Body in being responsible for the outcome of a specific activity.
+This property is a specialisation of P14 carried out by.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property describes the activity that is being operated by a person.
+This property is a specialisation of P14 carried out by.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property allows the starting point for a D7 Digital Machine Event to be situated.
+This property expresses the approximation of the starting date of a time span.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property allows the ending point for a D7 Digital Machine Event to be situated.
+This property expresses the approximation of the ending date of a time span.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property identifies the maker, the actor who is responsible for the production of a device,
+ a computer, a digital camera, any kind of a machine that has been produced.
+This property is a shortcut of a more fully developed path from CRM E12 Production:P108 has produced:E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
+In this case, there is no need to describe the more detailed property through a production event,so L33 has maker is reccomended to be used instead.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property describes the participation of a Legal Body in being contractor for the outcome of a specific activity.
+This property is a specialisation of L29_has_responsible_organization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property describes the participation of a Legal Body in being commissioner for the outcome of a specific activity.
+This property is a specialisation of L29_has_responsible_organization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property describes the associations between objects or areas of objects of the RI,
+with other objects or regions or persons, places, events..
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property is a specialisation of P3 has note and associates a comment with an instance of an object E1 CRM Entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property identifies the D29 Annotation Object (associations) that came into existence as a result of a D30 Annotation Event.
+This property is a specialisation of P94 has created.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property describes the association between a particular area declared in an original digital object.
+This property is a specialisation of P106 is composed of.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property describes the association between an area and the digital object to which it is propagated.
+This property is a specialisation of P106 is composed of.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property defines a personal name used to identify a person.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property defines the last name used to identify a person.
+This property is a specialisation of L4 has preferred label.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property describes a non unique identification applied to E1 CRM Entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property describes the association kind of "same as" between objects. It is used to declare that two or more objects are
+exactly the same.
+
+
+
+
+
+This property describes the association kind of "same as" between objects. It is used to declare that two or more objects are
+exactly the same.
+
+
+
+
+
+This property records the inventory number that was used to identify an instance of E1 CRM Entity
+at the time this property was record. This property is a specialisation of L53F is not uniquely identified by.
+
+
+
+
+
+This property records the pixel width of the data object; it approximates a dimension that is
+part of the image data analysis.This property is a specialisation of P90 has value.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property records the pixel height of the data object; it approximates a dimension that is
+part of the image data analysis.This property is a specialisation of P90 has value.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property records the serial number that was assigned to identify an instance of E22 Man Made Object.
+ This property is a specialisation of L53 is not uniquely identified by.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property describes the CRM Entities documented by instances of Digitization Processes.
+This property is a specialisation of P140 assigned attribute to.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+This property describes the minimum period of time covered by a digital machine event. It
+identifies the minimum extent of the event. This property is a specialisation of P81 ongoing throughout.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/CRMgeo_v1.2.rdfs.xml b/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/CRMgeo_v1.2.rdfs.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb626ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/CRMgeo_v1.2.rdfs.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note:This class comprises 4 dimensional possibly fuzzy point sets (volumes) in physical spacetime regardless its true geometric form (S). They may derive their identity from being the extent of a material phenomenon or from being the interpretation of an expression (I) defining an extent in Space Time. The duration of existence of an instance of a spacetime volume is trivially its projection on time (E).
+Examples:
+• the spacetime Volume of the Event of Ceasars murdering
+• the spacetime Volume where and when the carbon 14 dating of the "Schoeninger Speer II" in 1996 took place
+• the spatio-temporal trajectory of the H.M.S. Victory from its building to its actual location
+• the spacetime volume defined by a polygon approximating the Danube river flood in Austria between 6th and 9th of August 2002
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This class comprises the 4 dimensional point sets (volumes) (S) which material phenomena (I) occupy in Space-Time (S). An instance of S1 Space Time Volume represents the true (I) extent of an instance of E4 Period in spacetime or the true (I) extent of the trajectory of an instance of E18 Physical Thing during the course of its existence, from production to destruction. A fuzziness of the extent lies in the very nature of the phenomenon, and not in the shortcomings of observation (U). The degree of fuzziness with respect to the scale of the phenomenon may vary widely, but the extent is never exact in a mathematical sense. According to modern physics, points in space-time are absolute with respect to the physical phenomena happening at them, regardless the so-called Galilean relativity of spatial or temporal reference systems in terms of which an observer may describe them. Following the theory, points relative to different spatial or temporal reference systems can be related if common points of phenomena in space-time are known in different systems. Instances of S1 Space-Time Volume are sets of such absolute space-time points of phenomena (I).The (Einstein) relativity of spatial and temporal distances is of no concern for the scales of things in the cultural-historical discourse, but does not alter the above principles.[ØE8] The temporal projection of an instance of SP1 Space-Time Volume defines an E52 Time-Span while its spatial projection defines an SP2 Phenomenal Place[ØE9]. The true location of an instance of E18 Physical Thing during some time-span can be regarded as the spatial projection of the restriction of its trajectory to the respective time-span.
+Examples:
+• The Space Time Volume of the Event of Ceasars murdering
+• The Space Time Volume where and when the carbon 14 dating of the "Schoeninger Speer II" in 1996 took place
+• The spatio-temporal trajectory of the H.M.S. Victory from its building to its actual location
+• The Space Time Volume of the temple in Abu Simbel before its removal
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This class comprises instances of E53 Place (S) whose extent (U) and position is defined by the spatial projection of the spatiotemporal extent of a real world phenomenon that can be observed or measured. The spatial projection depends on the instance of S3 Reference Space onto which the extent of the phenomenon is projected. In general, there are no limitations to the number of Reference Spaces one could regard, but only few choices are relevant for the cultural-historical discourse. Typical for the archaeological discourse is to choose a reference space with respect to which the remains of some events would stay at the same place, for instance, relative to the bedrock of a continental plate. On the other side, for the citizenship of babies born in aeroplanes, the space in which the boundaries of the overflown state are defined may be relevant (I). Instances of SP2 Phenomenal Place exist as long as the respective reference space is defined. Note that we can talk in particular about what was at a place in a country before a city was built there, i.e., before the time the event occurred by which the place is defined, but we cannot talk about the place of earth before it came into existence due to lack of a reasonable reference space (E).
+Examples:
+• The place where the murder of Ceasar happened
+• Place on H.M.S. Victory at which Nelson died
+• The Place of the Varus Battle
+• The volume in space of my vine glass
+• The place the H.M.S Victory occupied over the seafloor when Nelson died
+• The space enclosed by this room
+• The space in borehole Nr. 405
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This class comprises the (typically Euclidian) Space (S) that is at rest (I) in relation to an instance of E18 Physical Thing and extends (U) infinitely beyond it. It is the space in which we typically expect things to stay in place if no particular natural or human distortion processes occur. This definition requires that at least essential parts of the respective physical thing have a stability of form. The degree of this stability (e.g., elastic deformation of a ship on sea, landslides, geological deformations) limits the precision to which an instance of SP3 Reference Space is defined. It is possible to construct types of (non Euclidian) reference spaces which adapt to elastic deformations or have other geometric and dynamic properties to adapt to changes of form of the reference object, but they are of rare utility in the cultural-historical discourse. [ØE11]
+An instance of SP3 Reference Space begins to exist with the largest thing that is at rest in it and ceases to exist with its E6 Destruction[ØE12]. If other things are at rest in the same space and their time-span of existence falls within the one of the reference object, they share the same reference space (I). It has therefore the same temporal extent (time-span of existence) as the whole of the E18 Physical Things it is at rest with (E).
+Examples:
+• The Space inside and around H.M.S. Victory while it is moving through the Atlantic Ocean
+• The Space inside and around the Eurasian Continental Plate
+• The Space inside and around the Earth
+• The Space inside and around the Solar system
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This class compromises systems that are used to describe locations in a SP3 Reference Space (S). An instance of SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference System is composed of two parts: The first is a Coordinate System which is a set of coordinate axes with specified units of measurement and axis directions. The second part is a set of reference features at rest in the Reference Space it describes in the real world that relate the Coordinate System to real world locations (U) and fix it with respect to the reference object of its Reference Space .
+In surveying and geodesy, instance of SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference System are called a datum. In the case of spatial coordinate reference systems for the earth the datum consists of the reference points and an ellipsoid that approximates the shape of the earth. National systems often use ellipsoids that approximate their territory best and shift them in an appropriate position relative to the earth while WGS84 is an ellipsoid for the whole earth and used in GPS receivers. In engineering a datum is a reference feature of an object used to create a reference system for measurement.The set of reference features in the real world are subset of E26 Physical Feature that are within the described reference space at rest and pertain to the E18 Physical Thing the reference space is at rest with.
+SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference Systems have a validity for a certain spatial extent of the SP3 Reference Space and in addition a temporal validity. The combination of coordinate reference system and datum provides a unique identity (I). SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference Systems may be defined for the earth, moving objects like planes or ships, linear features like boreholes or local systems. If there is a standardised identifier system available, such as EPSG codes, it should be used.
+Examples:
+• Longitude-Latitude(ellipsoidal Coordinate System) in WGS84 (Datum)
+• EPSG 3241
+• the coordinate system to describe locations on H.M.S. Victory taking the deck foundation of the middle mast as origin, the mast as z axis, the line at right angle to the bow line as x axis and a right angle to both as y axis.
+• The printed lines of the millimeter paper on which an archaeological feature is drawn
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This class comprises definitions of places by quantitative expressions. An instance of SP5 Geometric Place Expression can be seen as a prescription of how to find the location meant by this expression in the real world (S), which is based on measuring where the quantities referred to in the expression lead to, beginning from the reference points of the respective reference system.
+A form of expression may be geometries or map elements defined in a SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference System that unambiguously identify locations in a SP3 Reference Space. Other forms may refer to areas confined by imaginary lines connecting Phenomenal Places such as trees, islands, cities, mountain tops.
+The identity of a SP5 Place Expression is based on its script or symbolic form (I). Several SP5 Place Expressions can denote the same SP6 Declarative Place.
+Instances of SP5 Geometric Place Expressions that exist in one SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference System can be transformed to geometries in other SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference System if there is a known and valid transformation. The product of the transformation in general defines a new instance of SP6 Declarative Place, albeit close to the source of the transformation. This can be due to distortions resulting from the transformation and the limited precision by which the relative position of the reference points differing between the respective reference systems are determined.
+
+Examples:
+• Coordinate Information in GML like <gml:Point gml:id="p21" srsName="http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326"> <gml:coordinates>45.67, 88.56</gml:coordinates> </gml:Point>
+• a polygon defining the extent of France
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This class comprises instances of E53 Place (S) whose extent (U) and position is defined by a SP5 Geometric Place Expression (S). There is one implicit or explicit SP3 Reference Space in which the SP5 Place Expression describes the intended place. Even though SP5 Geometric Place Expressions have an unlimited precision, measurement devices and the precision of the position of reference features relating the SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference System to a SP3 Reference Space impose limitations to the determination of an SP6 Declarative Place in the real world (U).
+Several SP5 Geometric Place Expressions may denote the same SP6 Declarative Place if their precision falls within the same range (I).
+Instances of SP6 Declarative Places may be used to approximate instances of E53 Places or parts of them. They may as well be used to define the location and spatial extent of property rights or national borders.
+
+Examples:
+• the place defined by <gml:Point gml:id="p21" srsName="http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326"> <gml:coordinates>45.67, 88.56</gml:coordinates> </gml:Point>
+• the place defined by a line approximating the Danube river
+• The place of the Orinoco river defined in the map of Diego Ribeiro in 1529
+• the place defined through a polygon that represents the boundaries of the UK in the year 2003
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This class comprises instances of SP8 Spacetime Volumes (S) whose temporal and spatial extent (U) and position is defined by a SP12 Spacetime Volume Expression. There is one implicit or explicit SP3 Reference Space in which the SP12 Spacetime Volume Expression describes the intended Spacetime Volume. As we restrict the model to Galilean physics and explicitly exclude systems with velocities close to the speed of light we do not model a “Reference Time” as it would be necessary for relativistic physics. This implies that there is only one Reference Time.
+Even though SP12 Spacetime Volume Expressions have an unlimited precision, measurement devices and the precision of the position of reference features relating the SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference System to a SP3 Reference Space impose limitations to the determination of the spatial part of a SP7 Declarative Spacetime Volume in the real world (U).
+The same limitation to precision is true for the temporal part of a SP7 Declarative Spacetime Volume due to precision of time measurement devices and of the determination of the reference event of a SP11 Temporal Reference System.
+ Several SP12 Spacetime Volume Expressions may denote the same SP7 Declarative Spacetime Volume if their precision falls within the same range (I).
+Instances of SP7 Declarative Spacetime Volumes may be used to approximate instances of SP8 Spacetime Volumes or parts of them. They may as well be used to define the spatial and temporal extent of property rights or national borders.
+
+Examples:
+• the spacetime volume defined by a polygon approximating the Danube river flood in Austria between 6th and 9th of August 2002
+• the spacetime volume of the Orinoco river in 1529 defined in the map of Diego Ribeiro in 1529
+• the spacetime volume representing the boundaries of the UK from 1900-1950
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This class comprises instances of SP9 Time Intervalls that represent the Time Span defined by a SP 14 Time Expression. Thus they derive their identity through an expression defining an extent in time. Even though SP10 Declarative Time Spans have an unlimited precision, measurement devices and the possible precision within the SP11 Temporal Reference System impose limitations to the determination of a SP10 Declarative Time Span. The accuracy of a SP10 Declarative Time Spans depends upon the documentation and measurement method.
+SP10 Declarative Time Spans may be used to approximate actual (phenomenal) Time-Spans of temporal entities.
+
+Examples:
+• Extent in time defined by the expression “1961”
+• Extent in time defined by the expression “From 12-17-1993 to 12-8-1996”
+• Extent in time defined by the expression “14h30 – 16h22 4th July 1945”
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This class compromises systems(S) that are used to describe positions and extents in a Reference Time. If relativistic effects are negligible in the wider spacetime area of interest and the speeds of associated things, then there is only one unique global reference time. The typical way to measure time is to count the cycles of a periodic process for which we have a hypothesis of constant frequency, such as oscillations of a crystal, molecular arrangement, rotation of earth around itself or around the sun. The origin for a Temporal Reference System is fixed on a reference event. As long as the number of cycles passed from that reference event until now are known, the temporal reference system exists (E) and expressions in this Reference System can be interpreted with respect to the Reference Time.
+A temporal reference system represents time as a continuous linear interpolation over the infinit series of cycles extended from the reference event to he past and the future, regardless of the temporal position of the mathematical point zero of an instance of E61 Time Primitive, such for instance the gregorian calender begins with the event an arbitrary positiong the point zero as beeing the date of the „Birth of Christ“. The actual date of birth of christ is regarded to be unknown and therefor is not the reference event.
+The identity of a Temporal Reference System is defined through the type of periodic process it is based on, the reference event and through the distance of the reference event to the position of the mathematical point zero (I).
+A value in the Reference Time is a temporal position measured relative to a temporal reference system. ISO 8601 specifies the use of the Gregorian Calendar and 24 hour local or Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) for information interchange.
+In ISO 19108 three common types of temporal reference systems are explicitly stated: calendars (used with clocks for greater resolution), temporal coordinate systems, and ordinal temporal reference systems.
+Calendars and clocks are both based on interval scales. A calendar is a discrete temporal reference system that provides a basis for defining temporal position to a resolution of one day. A clock provides a basis for defining temporal position within a day. A clock must be used with a calendar in order to provide a complete description of a temporal position within a specific day. Every calendar provides a set of rules for composing a calendar date from a set of elements such as year, month, and day. In every calendar, years are numbered relative to the date of a reference event that defines a calendar era [ISO 19108].
+Specifying temporal position in terms of calendar date and time of day complicates the computation of distances between points and the functional description of temporal operations. A temporal coordinate system may be used to support applications of this kind. [ISO 19108].
+Ordinal temporal reference systems as specified in ISO 19108 are no instances of SP11 Temporal Reference Systems as they do not define cycles of a periodic process but define a system of time intervals based on reverence periods related to certain natural or cultural phenomena.
+Examples:
+• Gregorian Calendar
+• Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
+• Julian date
+• Greenwich time
+• ISO 8601
+
+
+
+ <p style="margin-top: 0">
+
+ </p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This class comprises instances of SP9 Time Intervalls whose extent (U) and position is defined by the temporal projection of the spatiotemporal extent that can be observed or measured. Thus they derive their identity through the extent in time of a real world phenomenon (I).
+
+Examples:
+• Duration of the phenomenal temporal extent of the Trafalgar battle
+• The real duration of the Ming Dynasty
+• The real extent of the lifetime of Ceasar starting with his birth and ending with his death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This class comprises definitions of temporal extents by quantitative expressions(S). An instance of SP14 Time Expression defines a declarative temporal interval using a temporal reference system. The identity of a SP14 Time Expression is based on its script or symbolic form (I). Several SP14 Time Expressions can denote the same SP10 Declarative Time Interval.
+Instances of SP14 Time Expression that exist in one SP11 Temporal Reference System can be transformed to time expressions in other SP11 Temporal Reference Systems if there is a known and valid transformation.
+
+Examples:
+• Temporal information in GML
+<gml:validTime><gml:TimeInstant>
+<gml:timePosition>2005-11-28T13:00:00Z</gml:timePosition>
+</gml:TimeInstant></gml:validTime>
+• 1961
+• From 12-17-1993 to 12-8-1996
+• 14h30 – 16h22 4th July 1945
+• 9.30 am 1.1.1999 to 2.00 pm 1.1.1999
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This class comprises ....(to be elaborated further)
+ Equivalent to: http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#Geometry (geosparql)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note:
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note:
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property associates an instance of E4 Period with the 4 dimensional point sets (volumes) in spacetime that it occupied. This instance of SP1 Phenomenal Spacetime Volume includes the trajectories of the participating physical things during their participation in the instance of E4 Period, the open spaces via which they have interacted and the spaces by which they had the potential to interact during that period or event in the way defined by the type of the respective period or event, such as the air in a meeting room transferring the voices. It also comprises the areas controlled by some military power. Therefore instances of E4 Period have fuzzy boundaries in spacetime.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property describes the 4 dimensional point sets (volumes) in spacetime that the trajectory of an instance of E18 Physical Thing occupies in spacetime in the course of its existence. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all inner spaces not accessible in regular function.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property describes the temporal projection of an instance of a SP1 Phenomenal Spacetime Volume. The property P4 has time-span is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E4 Period through Q1 occupied, SP1 Phenomenal Spacetime Volume Q3 has temporal projection to E52 Time Span.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property describes the spatial projection of an instance of a SP1 Phenomenal Spacetime Volume on an instance of SP2 Phenomenal Place. Even though the projection of a spacetime volume to one instance of SP3 Reference Space is unique, each reference space gives rise to another projection. The projections overlap at the time of the spacetime volume, the respective instances of SP2 Phenomenal Place may later drift apart, or earlier be yet apart.
+The property P7 took place at is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E4 Period through Q1 occupied, SP1 Phenomenal Spacetime Volume Q4 has spatial projection to SP2 Phenomenal Place.
+
+
+
+
+
+ i of
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property associates an instance of E53 Place with the instance of SP3 Reference Space it is defined in.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property associates an instance of SP3 Reference Space with the instance of E18 Physical Thing that is at rest in it. For all instances of E18 Physical Thing exist at least one reference space it is at rest with because of their relative stability of form. Larger constellations of matter may comprise many physical features that are at rest with them.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property associates an instance of SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference System with the instance of SP3 Reference Space for which it can be used to describe locations.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property defines the physical reference features that ground a spatial coordinate reference system in the real world.
+In surveying and geodesy this is part of the datum definition and is often a point identified by a physical feature on earth (sometimes monuments) where the earth approximation ellipsoid touches the earth and one axis of the ellipsoid runs through.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property defines the coordinate reference system in terms of which a geometric place expression is formulated.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property associates an instance of SP5 Geometric Place Expression with the instance of SP6 Declarative Place it defines. Syntactic variants or use of different scripts may result in multiple instances of SP5 Geometric Place Expression defining exactly the same place. Transformations between different reference systems in general result in new definitions of places approximating each other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property approximates a phenomenal place which is defined in the same reference space. The property does not state the quality or accuracy of the approximation, but an overlap in area is the minimal requirement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property approximates a SP8 Spacetime Volume. The property does not state the quality or accuracy of the approximation, but an overlap of the spacetime volume is the minimal requirement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property approximates a SP9 Time Intervall. The property does not state the quality or accuracy of the approximation, but an overlap in time is the minimal requirement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property associates an instance of SP14 Time Expression with the instance of SP10 Declarative Time Span it defines. Syntactic variants or use of different scripts may result in multiple instances of SP14 Time Expression defining exactly the same time span. Transformations between different temporal reference systems in general result in new definitions of time spans approximating each other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property defines the temporal reference system in terms of which an SP14 Time Expression is formulated.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property associates an instance of SP12 Spacetime Volume Expression with the instance of SP7 Declarative Spacetime Volume it defines. Syntactic variants or use of different scripts may result in multiple instances of SP12 Spacetime Volume Expressions defining exactly the same SP7 Declarative Spacetime Volume. Transformations between different temporal or spatial reference systems in general result in new definitions of Spacetime Volumes approximating each other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property defines the temporal reference system in terms of which a SP12 Spacetime Volume Expression is formulated.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scope note: This property defines the spatial coordinate reference system in terms of which a SP12 Spacetime Volume Expression is formulated.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/CRMinf_v0.7.rdfs.xml b/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/CRMinf_v0.7.rdfs.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bc0320
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/CRMinf_v0.7.rdfs.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises the activity of making honest inferences or observations. An honest inference or observation is one in which the E39 Actor carrying out the I1 Argumentation justifies and believes that the I6 Belief Value associated with resulting I2 Belief about the I4 Proposition Set is the correct value at the time that the activity was undertaken and that any I3 Inference Logic or methodology was correctly applied.
+ Only one instance of E39 Actor may carry out an instance of I1 Argumentation, though the E39 Actor may, of course, be an instance of E74 Group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises the notion that the associated I4 Proposition Set is held to have a particular I6 Belief Value by a particular E39 Actor. This can be understood as the period of time that an individual or group holds a particular set of propositions to be true, false or somewhere in between.
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises the rules used as inputs to I5 Inference Making.
+ In this context the term “logic” is used in the most general sense of the Greek term, and not in the mathematical sense only. Examples are the direct application of formal logic, mathematical theories and calculus, formal or informal default reasoning based on default values associated with categories, probabilistic reasoning based mathematical models and assumed or observed frequencies for certain categories, application of theoretical social models and comparisons with “cultural parallels”, etc. An instance of Inference Logic could also be a reference to the exact software release of a Bayesian reasoner, a rule such as “later layers are on top of earlier layers”, or even a term like “social intuition”, if this is scholarly acceptable. (after Doerr, Kritsotaki and Boutsika 2011). Indeed anything that is scientifically or academically acceptable as a method for drawing conclusions may be included for instance human pattern recognition.
+ A particular instance of I3 Inference Logic would be the algorithm implemented in a particular revision of a software package.
+ Instances of I3 Inference Logic not only comprise the method of reasoning, but also the set of categorical laws or axioms used in the argumentation. Often both are inextricably interwoven, for instance in a software implementation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises the sets of formal, binary propositions that an I2 Belief is held about. It could be implemented as a named graph, a spreadsheet or any other structured data-set. Regardless of the specific syntax employed, the effective propositions it contains should be made up of unambiguous identifiers, concepts of a formal ontology and constructs of logic.
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises the action of making honest propositions and statements about particular states of affairs in reality or in possible realities or categorical descriptions of reality by using inferences from other statements based on hypotheses and any form of formal or informal logic. It includes evaluations, calculations, and interpretations based on mathematical formulations and propositions.
+ It is characterized by the use of an existing I2 Belief as the premise that together with a set of I3 Inference Logic draws a further I2 Belief as a conclusion.
+ Documenting instances of I5 Inference Making primarily enables tracing the dependency of knowledge from conclusion to premise through subsequent inferences, possibly back to primary evidence, so that the range of influence of knowledge revision at any intermediate stage of complex inference chains on current convictions can be narrowed down by query. The explicit reference to the applied inference logic further allows scholars or scientists to assess if they can or would follow the documented argument. The class is not intended to promote the use of computationally decidable systems of logic as replacements of scholarly justifications of arguments, even though it allows for documenting the use of decidable logic, if that was deemed adequate for the problem at hand. Principles of scholarly justifications of arguments are also regarded as kinds of inference logic.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises the action of an E39 Actor adopting a particular instance of I2 Belief to create a new instance of I2 Belief that shares some of the same propositions in the original I4 Proposition Set and the associated I6 Belief Value.
+ The basis of I7 Belief Adoption is trust in the source of the instance of I2 Belief rather than the application of the rules in instances of I3 Inference Logic.
+ Typical examples are the citation of academic papers or the reuse of data sets.
+ Where an instance of I7 Belief Adoption is based on personal communication (pers.comm.) this should be represented by using P2 has type: “Pers.Comm.” directly from the instance of I7 Belief Adoption.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This property associates an instance of I2 Belief with the instance of I5 Inference Making that used it as a premise.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This property associates an instance of I2 Belief with the instance of I1 Argumentation that concluded it.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This property associates an instance of I3 Inference Logic with the instance of I5 Inference Making that used it to draw its conclusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This property associates an instance of I4 Proposition Set with the instance of I2 Belief that holds an opinion about it.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This property associates an instance of I2 Belief with the instance of I7 Belief Adoption that used it as the source of the I6 Belief Value and propositions used in the resulting new I2 Belief.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This property associates an instance of I7 Belief Adoption with the instance of E73 Information Object that was the source of or evidence for the I4 Proposition Set that was adopted.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/CRMsci_v1.2.3.rdfs.xml b/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/CRMsci_v1.2.3.rdfs.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b24b1c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/CRMsci_v1.2.3.rdfs.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of S10 Material Substantial being decreased by the removal of an amount of matter.
+Typical scenarios include the removal of a component or piece of a physical object, removal of an archaeological or geological layer, taking a tissue sample from a body or a sample of fluid from a body of water. The removed matter may acquire a persistent identity of different nature beyond the act of its removal, such as becoming a physical object in the narrower sense. Such cases should be modeled by using multiple instantiation with adequate concepts of creating the respective items.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises the activity that results in taking an amount of matter as sample for further analysis from a material substantial such as a body of water, a geological formation or an archaeological object. The removed matter may acquire a persistent identity of different nature beyond the act of its removal, such as becoming a physical object in the narrower sense. The sample is typically removed from a physical feature which is used as a frame of reference, the place of sampling. In case of non-rigid Material Substantials, the source of sampling may regarded not to be modified by the activity of sample taking.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises activities of taking a sample and measuring or analyzing it as one managerial unit of activity, in which the sample may not be identified and preserved beyond the context of this activity. Instances of this class are constrained to describe the taking of exactly one sample, in general not further identified, and the dimensions observed by the respective measurement are implicitly understood to describe this particular sample as representative of the place on the instance of S10 Material Substantial from which the sample was taken. Therefore the class S3 Measurement by Sampling inherits the properties of S2 Sample Taking.O3 sampled from: S10 Material Substantial and O4 sampled at: E53 Place, and the properties of S21(E16) Measurement.P40 observed dimension: E54 Dimension, due to multiple inheritance, whereas it needs not instantiate the properties O5 removed: S13 Sample and O24 measured: S15 Observable Entity, if the sample is not documented beyond the context of the activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises the activity of gaining scientific knowledge about particular states of physical reality gained by empirical evidence, experiments and by measurements. We define observation in the sense of natural sciences, as a kind of human activity: at some Place and within some Time-Span, certain Physical Things and their behavior and interactions are observed, either directly by human sensory impression, or enhanced with tools and measurement devices. The output of the internal processes of measurement devices that do not require additional human interaction are in general regarded as part of the observation and not as additional inference. Manual recordings may serve as additional evidence. Measurements and witnessing of events are special cases of observations. Observations result in a belief about certain propositions. In this model, the degree of confidence in the observed properties is regarded to be “true” per default, but could be described differently by adding a property P3 has note to an instance of S4 Observation, or by reification of the property O16 observed value. Primary data from measurement devices are regarded in this model to be results of observation and can be interpreted as propositions believed to be true within the (known) tolerances and degree of reliability of the device. Observations represent the transition between reality and propositions in the form of instances of a formal ontology, and can be subject to data evaluation from this point on.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises the action of concluding propositions on a respective reality from observational data by making evaluations based on mathematical inference rules and calculations using established hypotheses, such as the calculation of an earthquake epicenter. S6 Data Evaluation is not defined as S21/E16 Measurement; Secondary derivations of dimensions of an object from data measured by different processes are regarded as S6 Data Evaluation and not determining instances of Measurement in its own right. For instance, the volume of a statue concluded from a 3D model is an instance of S6 Data Evaluation and not of Measurement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises the action of concluding propositions on a respective reality from observational data by making evaluations based on mathematical inference rules and calculations using established hypotheses, such as the calculation of an earthquake epicenter. S6 Data Evaluation is not defined as S21/E16 Measurement; Secondary derivations of dimensions of an object from data measured by different processes are regarded as S6 Data Evaluation and not determining instances of Measurement in its own right. For instance, the volume of a statue concluded from a 3D model is an instance of S6 Data Evaluation and not of Measurement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises activities of executing algorithms or software for simulating the behavior and the properties of a system of interacting components that form part of reality or not by using a mathematical model of the respective interactions. In particular it implies making predictions about the future behaviors of a system of interacting components of reality by starting simulation from an actually observed state, such as weather forecasts. Simulations may also be used to understand the effects of a theory, to compare theoretical predictions with reality, or to show differences with another theory.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises the action of making categorical hypotheses based on inference rules and theories; By categorical hypotheses we mean assumptions about the kinds of interactions and related kinds of structures of a domain that have the character of “laws” of nature or human behavior, be it necessary or probabilistic. Categorical hypotheses are developed by “induction” from finite numbers of observation and the absence of observations of particular kinds. As such, categorical hypotheses are always subject to falsification by new evidence. Instances of S8 Categorical Hypothesis Building include making and questioning categorical hypotheses.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises types of properties. Typically, instances of S9 Property Type would be taken from an ontology or terminological system. In particular, instances of this class can be used to describe in a parametric way what kind of properties the values in scientific data sets are about. By virtue of such descriptions, numeric data can be interpreted as sets of propositions in terms of a formal ontology, such as “concentration of nitrate”, observed in the ground water from a certain borehole.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises constellations of matter with a relative stability of any form sufficient to associate them with a persistent identity, such as being confined to certain extent, having a relative stability of form or structure, or containing a fixed amount of matter. In particular, it comprises physical things in the narrower sense and fluid bodies. It is an abstraction of physical substance for solid and non-solid things of matter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises fixed amounts of matter specified as some air, some water, some soil, etc., defined by the total and integrity of their material content.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises fixed amounts of fluid defined by the total of its material content, typically molecules. They frequently acquire identity in laboratory practice by the fact of being kept or handled together within some adequate containers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises instances of S11 Amount of Matter taken from some instance of S10 Material Substantial with the intention to be representative for some material qualities of the instance of S10 Material Substantial or part of it was taken from for further analysis. We typically regard a sample as ceasing to exist when the respective representative qualities become corrupted, such as the purity of a water sample or the layering of a bore core.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises a mass of matter in fluid form environmentally constraint in some persistent form allowing for identifying it for the management or research of material phenomena, such as a part of the sea, a river, the atmosphere or the milk in a bottle. Fluids are generally defined by the continuity criterion which is characteristic of their substance: their amorphous matter is continuous and tends to flow. Therefore, contiguous amounts of matter within a fluid body may stay contiguous or at least be locally spatially confined for a sufficiently long time in order to be temporarily identified and traced. This is a much weaker concept of stability of form than the one we would apply to what one would call a physical object. In general, an instance of Fluid Body may gain or lose matter over time through so-called sources or sinks in its surface, in contrast to physical things, which may lose or gain matter by exchange of pieces such as spare parts or corrosion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises instances of E2 Temporal Entity or E77 Persistent Item, i.e. items or phenomena that can be observed, either directly by human sensory impression, or enhanced with tools and measurement devices, such as physical things, their behavior, states and interactions or events.
+Conceptual objects can be present in events by their carriers such as books, digital media, or even human memory. By virtue of this presence, properties of conceptual objects, such as number of words can be observed on their carriers. If the respective properties between carriers differ, either they carry different instances of conceptual objects or the difference can be attributed to accidental deficiencies in one of the carriers. In that sense even immaterial objects are observable. By this model we give credit to the fact that frequently, the actually observed carriers of conceptual objects are not explicitly identified in documentation, i.e., the actual carrier is assumed having existed but is unknown as an individual.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises the persistence of a particular value range of the properties of a particular thing or things over a time-span.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises events or processes that result in (generate) physical things, man-made or natural, coming into being in the form by which they are later identified. The creation of a new physical item, at the same time, can be a result of an alteration (modification) – it can become a new thing due to an alteration activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises natural events or man-made processes that create, alter or change physical things, by affecting permanently their form or consistency without changing their identity. Examples include alterations on depositional features-layers by natural factors or disturbance by roots or insects, organic alterations, petrification, etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises activities of S4 Observation (substance) where an E39 Actor encounters an instance of E18 Physical Thing of a kind relevant for the mission of the observation or regarded as potentially relevant for some community (identity). This observation produces knowledge about the existence of the respective thing at a particular place in or on surrounding matter. This knowledge may be new to the group of people the actor belongs to. In that case we would talk about a discovery. The observer may recognize or assign an individual identity of the thing encountered or regard only the type as noteworthy in the associated documentation or report.
+In archaeology there is a particular interest if an object is found “in situ”, i.e. if its embedding in the surrounding matter supports the assumption that the object was not moved since the archaeologically relevant deposition event. The surrounding matter with the relative position of the object in it as well as the absolute position and time of the observation may be recorded in order to enable inferences about the history of the E18 Physical Thing.
+In Biology, additional parameters may be recorded like the kind of ecosystem, if the biological individual survives the observation, what detection or catching devices have been used or if the encounter event supported the detection of a new biological kind (“taxon”).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises identifiable features that are physically attached in an integral way to particular physical objects. An instance of S20 Physical Feature also represents the place it occupies with respect to the surrounding matter. More precisely, it is the maximal real volume in space that an instance of S20 Physical Feature is occupying during its lifetime with respect to the default reference space relative to which the feature is at rest. In cases of features on or in the surface of earth, the default reference is typically fixed to the closer environment of the tectonic plate or sea floor. In cases of features on mobile objects, the reference space is typically fixed to the geometry of the bearing object.
+Instances of E26 Physical Feature share many of the attributes of instances of E19 Physical Object. They may have a one-, two- or three-dimensional geometric extent, but there are no natural borders that separate them completely in an objective way from the carrier objects. For example, a doorway is a feature but the door itself, being attached by hinges, is not.
+Instances of E26 Physical Feature can be features in a narrower sense, such as scratches, holes, reliefs, surface colors, reflection zones in an opal crystal or a density change in a piece of wood. In the wider sense, they are portions of particular objects with partially imaginary borders, such as the core of the Earth, an area of property on the surface of the Earth, a landscape or the head of a contiguous marble statue. They can be measured and dated, and it is sometimes possible to state who or what is or was responsible for them. They cannot be separated from the carrier object, but a segment of the carrier object may be identified (or sometimes removed) carrying the complete feature.
+This definition coincides with the definition of "fiat objects" (Smith and Varzi, 2000, pp.401-420), with the exception of aggregates of “bona fide objects”.
+
+
+
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+
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+ This class comprises actions measuring instances of E2 Temporal Entity or E77 Persistent Items, properties of physical things, or phenomena, states and interactions or events, that can be determined by a systematic procedure. Primary data from measurement devices are regarded to be results of an observation process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This class comprises physical material in a relative stability of form (substance) within a specific spacetime volume (unity, extend). The spatial extend of a S22 Segment of Matter is defined by humans usually because the constellation is subject to a specific interest for and investigations of the geometric arrangement of physical features or parts of them on or within the specified S22 Segment of Matter. It comes into existence as being an object of discourse through S4 Observation or declaration and is restricted to the time span starting after the last change through an S18 Alteration before the S4 Observation or declaration and ending with the next S18 Alteration Event (identity). A S22 Segment of Matter exists as long as there is no modification of the geometric arrangement of its particles. Therefore the temporal boundaries of the defining Spacetime Volume are given by two S18 Alteration events.
+ The history of a S22 Segment of Matter started with the first S17 Physical Genesis event that deposited still existing matter within the defined spatial extend. The collection of all S18 Alteration events represent its history. Some of the events will not leave any physical material within the S22 Segment of Matter.
+ (to be elaborated further)
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diff --git a/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/arches_crm_enhancements.xml b/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/arches_crm_enhancements.xml
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@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Primitive Value
+ This class comprises values of primitive data types of programming languages or database management systems and data types composed of such values used as documentation elements, as well as their mathematical abstractions.
+
+
+
+ Number
+ This class comprises any encoding of computable (algebraic) values such as integers, real numbers, complex numbers, vectors, tensors etc., including intervals of these values to express limited precision
+
+
+
+
+ Time Primitive
+ This class comprises instances of E59 Primitive Value for time that should be implemented with appropriate validation, precision and interval logic to express date ranges relevant to cultural documentation.
+
+
+
+
+
+ String
+ This class comprises the instances of E59 Primitive Values used for documentation such as free text strings, bitmaps, vector graphics, etc.
+
+
+
+
+ Space
+ This class comprises instances of E59 Primitive Value for space that should be implemented with appropriate validation, precision and references to spatial coordinate systems to express geometries on or relative to earth, or any other stable constellations of matter, relevant to cultural and scientific documentation.
+An E94 Space Primitive defines an E53 Place in the sense of a declarative place as elaborated in CRMgeo (Doerr and Hiebel 2013), which means that the identity of the place is derived from its geometric definition. This declarative place allows for the application of all place properties to relate phenomenal places to their approximations expressed with geometries.
+Instances of E94 Space Primitive provide the ability to link CRM encoded data to the kinds of geometries used in maps or Geoinformation systems. They may be used for visualisation of the instances of E53 Place they define, in their geographic context and for computing topological relations between places based on these geometries.
+E94 Space Primitive is not further elaborated upon within this model. Statement of compatibility with OPENGIS
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is related to
+ Relates E18 to E1
+
+
+
+
+
+ defines place
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/cidoc_crm_v6.2.xml b/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/cidoc_crm_v6.2.xml
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+++ b/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/cidoc_crm_v6.2.xml
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+
+
+
+
+
+ Οντότητα CIDOC CRM
+ CRM Entity
+ CRM Entität
+ CRM Сущность
+ Entité CRM
+ Entidade CRM
+ CRM实体
+ This class comprises all things in the universe of discourse of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model.
+It is an abstract concept providing for three general properties:
+1. Identification by name or appellation, and in particular by a preferred identifier
+2. Classification by type, allowing further refinement of the specific subclass an instance belongs to
+3. Attachment of free text for the expression of anything not captured by formal properties
+With the exception of E59 Primitive Value, all other classes within the CRM are directly or indirectly specialisations of E1 CRM Entity.
+
+
+
+
+ Entité temporelle
+ Temporal Entity
+ Временная Сущность
+ Έγχρονη Οντότητα
+ Geschehendes
+ Entidade Temporal
+ 时间实体
+ This class comprises all phenomena, such as the instances of E4 Periods, E5 Events and states, which happen over a limited extent in time.
+ In some contexts, these are also called perdurants. This class is disjoint from E77 Persistent Item. This is an abstract class and has no direct instances. E2 Temporal Entity is specialized into E4 Period, which applies to a particular geographic area (defined with a greater or lesser degree of precision), and E3 Condition State, which applies to instances of E18 Physical Thing.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Состояние
+ Condition State
+ Zustandsphase
+ État matériel
+ Κατάσταση
+ Estado Material
+ 状态
+ This class comprises the states of objects characterised by a certain condition over a time-span.
+An instance of this class describes the prevailing physical condition of any material object or feature during a specific E52 Time Span. In general, the time-span for which a certain condition can be asserted may be shorter than the real time-span, for which this condition held.
+ The nature of that condition can be described using P2 has type. For example, the E3 Condition State “condition of the SS Great Britain between 22 September 1846 and 27 August 1847” can be characterized as E55 Type “wrecked”.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Phase
+ Period
+ Période
+ Период
+ Περίοδος
+ Período
+ 期间
+ This class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural manifestations occurring in time and space.
+
+It is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify an E4 Period and not the associated spatiotemporal extent. This extent is only the "ground" or space in an abstract physical sense that the actual process of growth, spread and retreat has covered. Consequently, different periods can overlap and coexist in time and space, such as when a nomadic culture exists in the same area and time as a sedentary culture. This also means that overlapping land use rights, common among first nations, amounts to overlapping periods.
+
+Often, this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods such as the "Neolithic Period", the "Ming Dynasty" or the "McCarthy Era", but also geopolitical units and activities of settlements are regarded as special cases of E4 Period. However, there are no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In particular all events are seen as synthetic processes consisting of coherent phenomena. Therefore E4 Period is a superclass of E5 Event. For example, a modern clinical E67 Birth can be seen as both an atomic E5 Event and as an E4 Period that consists of multiple activities performed by multiple instances of E39 Actor.
+
+As the actual extent of an E4 Period in spacetime we regard the trajectories of the participating physical things during their participation in an instance of E4 Period. This includes the open spaces via which these things have interacted and the spaces by which they had the potential to interact during that period or event in the way defined by the type of the respective period or event. Examples include the air in a meeting room transferring the voices of the participants. Since these phenomena are fuzzy, we assume the spatiotemporal extent to be contiguous, except for cases of phenomena spreading out over islands or other separated areas, including geopolitical units distributed over disconnected areas such as islands or colonies.
+
+Whether the trajectories necessary for participants to travel between these areas are regarded as part of the spatiotemporal extent or not has to be decided in each case based on a concrete analysis, taking use of the sea for other purposes than travel, such as fishing, into consideration. One may also argue that the activities to govern disconnected areas imply travelling through spaces connecting them and that these areas hence are spatially connected in a way, but it appears counterintuitive to consider for instance travel routes in international waters as extensions of geopolitical units.
+
+Consequently, an instance of E4 Period may occupy a number of disjoint spacetime volumes, however there must not be a discontinuity in the timespan covered by these spacetime volumes. This means that an instance of E4 Period must be contiguous in time. If it has ended in all areas, it has ended as a whole. However it may end in one area before another, such as in the Polynesian migration, and it continues as long as it is ongoing in at least one area.
+
+We model E4 Period as a subclass of E2 Temporal Entity and of E92 Spacetime volume. The latter is intended as a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr and Hiebel 2013). By virtue of this multiple inheritance we can discuss the physical extent of an E4 Period without representing each instance of it together with an instance of its associated spacetime volume. This model combines two quite different kinds of substance: an instance of E4 Period is a phenomena while a space-time volume is an aggregation of points in spacetime. However, the real spatiotemporal extent of an instance of E4 Period is regarded to be unique to it due to all its details and fuzziness; its identity and existence depends uniquely on the identity of the instance of E4 Period. Therefore this multiple inheritance is unambiguous and effective and furthermore corresponds to the intuitions of natural language.
+
+There are two different conceptualisations of 'artistic style', defined either by physical features or by historical context. For example, “Impressionism” can be viewed as a period lasting from approximately 1870 to 1905 during which paintings with particular characteristics were produced by a group of artists that included (among others) Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley and Degas. Alternatively, it can be regarded as a style applicable to all paintings sharing the characteristics of the works produced by the Impressionist painters, regardless of historical context. The first interpretation is an instance of E4 Period, and the second defines morphological object types that fall under E55 Type.
+
+Another specific case of an E4 Period is the set of activities and phenomena associated with a settlement, such as the populated period of Nineveh.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Συμβάν
+ Événement
+ Событие
+ Event
+ Ereignis
+ Evento
+ 事件
+ This class comprises changes of states in cultural, social or physical systems, regardless of scale, brought about by a series or group of coherent physical, cultural, technological or legal phenomena. Such changes of state will affect instances of E77 Persistent Item or its subclasses.
+The distinction between an E5 Event and an E4 Period is partly a question of the scale of observation. Viewed at a coarse level of detail, an E5 Event is an ‘instantaneous’ change of state. At a fine level, the E5 Event can be analysed into its component phenomena within a space and time frame, and as such can be seen as an E4 Period. The reverse is not necessarily the case: not all instances of E4 Period give rise to a noteworthy change of state.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Разрушение
+ Destruction
+ Destruction
+ Zerstörung
+ Καταστροφή
+ Destruição
+ 摧毁
+ This class comprises events that destroy one or more instances of E18 Physical Thing such that they lose their identity as the subjects of documentation.
+Some destruction events are intentional, while others are independent of human activity. Intentional destruction may be documented by classifying the event as both an E6 Destruction and E7 Activity.
+The decision to document an object as destroyed, transformed or modified is context sensitive:
+1. If the matter remaining from the destruction is not documented, the event is modelled solely as E6 Destruction.
+2. An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the original. In this case, the new items have separate identities. Matter is preserved, but identity is not.
+3. When the initial identity of the changed instance of E18 Physical Thing is preserved, the event should be documented as E11 Modification.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Activity
+ Activité
+ Handlung
+ Деятельность
+ Δράση
+ Atividade
+ 活动
+ This class comprises actions intentionally carried out by instances of E39 Actor that result in changes of state in the cultural, social, or physical systems documented.
+This notion includes complex, composite and long-lasting actions such as the building of a settlement or a war, as well as simple, short-lived actions such as the opening of a door.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Acquisition
+ Απόκτηση
+ Событие Приобретения
+ Acquisition
+ Erwerb
+ Aquisição
+ 征集取得
+ This class comprises transfers of legal ownership from one or more instances of E39 Actor to one or more other instances of E39 Actor.
+The class also applies to the establishment or loss of ownership of instances of E18 Physical Thing. It does not, however, imply changes of any other kinds of right. The recording of the donor and/or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E8 Acquisition there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe:
+1. the beginning of ownership
+2. the end of ownership
+3. the transfer of ownership
+4. the acquisition from an unknown source
+5. the loss of title due to destruction of the item
+It may also describe events where a collector appropriates legal title, for example by annexation or field collection. The interpretation of the museum notion of "accession" differs between institutions. The CRM therefore models legal ownership (E8 Acquisition) and physical custody (E10 Transfer of Custody) separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Move
+ Μετακίνηση
+ Objektbewegung
+ Перемещение
+ Déplacement
+ Locomoção
+ 移动
+ This class comprises changes of the physical location of the instances of E19 Physical Object.
+Note, that the class E9 Move inherits the property P7 took place at (witnessed): E53 Place. This property should be used to describe the trajectory or a larger area within which a move takes place, whereas the properties P26 moved to (was destination of), P27 moved from (was origin of) describe the start and end points only. Moves may also be documented to consist of other moves (via P9 consists of (forms part of)), in order to describe intermediate stages on a trajectory. In that case, start and end points of the partial moves should match appropriately between each other and with the overall event.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Changement de détenteur
+ Transfer of Custody
+ Übertragung des Gewahrsams
+ Μεταβίβαση Κατοχής
+ Передача Опеки
+ Transferência de Custódia
+ 保管作业转移
+ This class comprises transfers of physical custody of objects between instances of E39 Actor.
+The recording of the donor and/or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances it may describe:
+1. the beginning of custody
+2. the end of custody
+3. the transfer of custody
+4. the receipt of custody from an unknown source
+5. the declared loss of an object
+The distinction between the legal responsibility for custody and the actual physical possession of the object should be expressed using the property P2 has type (is type of). A specific case of transfer of custody is theft.
+The interpretation of the museum notion of "accession" differs between institutions. The CRM therefore models legal ownership and physical custody separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Событие Изменения
+ Modification
+ Τροποποίηση
+ Modification
+ Bearbeitung
+ Modificação
+ 修改
+ This class comprises all instances of E7 Activity that create, alter or change E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
+This class includes the production of an item from raw materials, and other so far undocumented objects, and the preventive treatment or restoration of an object for conservation.
+Since the distinction between modification and production is not always clear, modification is regarded as the more generally applicable concept. This implies that some items may be consumed or destroyed in a Modification, and that others may be produced as a result of it. An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities.
+If the instance of the E29 Design or Procedure utilized for the modification prescribes the use of specific materials, they should be documented using property P68 foresees use of (use foreseen by): E57 Material of E29 Design or Procedure, rather than via P126 employed (was employed in): E57 Material.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Production
+ Παραγωγή
+ Herstellung
+ Событие Производства
+ Production
+ Produção
+ 生产
+ This class comprises activities that are designed to, and succeed in, creating one or more new items.
+It specializes the notion of modification into production. The decision as to whether or not an object is regarded as new is context sensitive. Normally, items are considered “new” if there is no obvious overall similarity between them and the consumed items and material used in their production. In other cases, an item is considered “new” because it becomes relevant to documentation by a modification. For example, the scribbling of a name on a potsherd may make it a voting token. The original potsherd may not be worth documenting, in contrast to the inscribed one.
+This entity can be collective: the printing of a thousand books, for example, would normally be considered a single event.
+An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities and matter is preserved, but identity is not.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Присвоение Атрибута
+ Affectation d'attribut
+ Merkmalszuweisung
+ Attribute Assignment
+ Απόδοση Ιδιοτήτων
+ Atribuição de Característica
+ 屬性指定
+ This class comprises the actions of making assertions about properties of an object or any relation between two items or concepts.
+This class allows the documentation of how the respective assignment came about, and whose opinion it was. All the attributes or properties assigned in such an action can also be seen as directly attached to the respective item or concept, possibly as a collection of contradictory values. All cases of properties in this model that are also described indirectly through an action are characterised as "short cuts" of this action. This redundant modelling of two alternative views is preferred because many implementations may have good reasons to model either the action or the short cut, and the relation between both alternatives can be captured by simple rules.
+In particular, the class describes the actions of people making propositions and statements during certain museum procedures, e.g. the person and date when a condition statement was made, an identifier was assigned, the museum object was measured, etc. Which kinds of such assignments and statements need to be documented explicitly in structures of a schema rather than free text, depends on if this information should be accessible by structured queries.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Εκτίμηση Κατάστασης
+ Оценка Состояния
+ Expertise de l'état matériel
+ Zustandsfeststellung
+ Condition Assessment
+ Avaliação do Estado Material
+ 状态评估
+ This class describes the act of assessing the state of preservation of an object during a particular period.
+The condition assessment may be carried out by inspection, measurement or through historical research. This class is used to document circumstances of the respective assessment that may be relevant to interpret its quality at a later stage, or to continue research on related documents.
+
+
+
+
+
+Απόδοση Αναγνωριστικού
+ Назначение Идентификатора
+ Identifier Assignment
+ Kennzeichenzuweisung
+ Attribution d’identificateur
+ Atribuição de Identificador
+ 标识符指定
+ This class comprises activities that result in the allocation of an identifier to an instance of E1 CRM Entity. An E15 Identifier Assignment may include the creation of the identifier from multiple constituents, which themselves may be instances of E41 Appellation. The syntax and kinds of constituents to be used may be declared in a rule constituting an instance of E29 Design or Procedure.
+Examples of such identifiers include Find Numbers, Inventory Numbers, uniform titles in the sense of librarianship and Digital Object Identifiers (DOI). Documenting the act of identifier assignment and deassignment is especially useful when objects change custody or the identification system of an organization is changed. In order to keep track of the identity of things in such cases, it is important to document by whom, when and for what purpose an identifier is assigned to an item.
+The fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be expressed by using the property E1 CRM Entity. P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of): E42 Identifier. It can better be expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable E55 Type, such as “preferred identifier assignment”, to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment via the P2 has type property.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Событие Измерения
+ Μέτρηση
+ Messung
+ Mesurage
+ Measurement
+ Medição
+ 测量
+ This class comprises actions measuring physical properties and other values that can be determined by a systematic procedure.
+Examples include measuring the monetary value of a collection of coins or the running time of a specific video cassette.
+The E16 Measurement may use simple counting or tools, such as yardsticks or radiation detection devices. The interest is in the method and care applied, so that the reliability of the result may be judged at a later stage, or research continued on the associated documents. The date of the event is important for dimensions, which may change value over time, such as the length of an object subject to shrinkage. Details of methods and devices are best handled as free text, whereas basic techniques such as "carbon 14 dating" should be encoded using P2 has type (is type of:) E55 Type.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Typuszuweisung
+ Присвоение Типа
+ Attribution de type
+ Type Assignment
+ Απόδοση Τύπου
+ Atribuição de Tipo
+ 类型指定
+ This class comprises the actions of classifying items of whatever kind. Such items include objects, specimens, people, actions and concepts.
+This class allows for the documentation of the context of classification acts in cases where the value of the classification depends on the personal opinion of the classifier, and the date that the classification was made. This class also encompasses the notion of "determination," i.e. the systematic and molecular identification of a specimen in biology.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Materielles
+ Υλικό Πράγμα
+ Physical Thing
+ Chose matérielle
+ Физическая Вещь
+ Coisa Material
+ 实体物
+ This class comprises all persistent physical items with a relatively stable form, man-made or natural.
+
+Depending on the existence of natural boundaries of such things, the CRM distinguishes the instances of E19 Physical Object from instances of E26 Physical Feature, such as holes, rivers, pieces of land etc. Most instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy), whereas features are integral to the surrounding matter.
+
+An instance of E18 Physical Thing occupies not only a particular geometric space, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces, such as the interior of a box. Physical things consisting of aggregations of physically unconnected objects, such as a set of chessmen, occupy a number of individually contiguous spacetime volumes equal to the number of unconnected objects that constitute the set.
+
+We model E18 Physical Thing to be a subclass of E72 Legal Object and of E92 Spacetime volume. The latter is intended as a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr and Hiebel 2013). By virtue of this multiple inheritance we can discuss the physical extent of an E18 Physical Thing without representing each instance of it together with an instance of its associated spacetime volume. This model combines two quite different kinds of substance: an instance of E18 Physical Thing is matter while a spacetime volume is an aggregation of points in spacetime. However, the real spatiotemporal extent of an instance of E18 Physical Thing is regarded to be unique to it, due to all its details and fuzziness; its identity and existence depends uniquely on the identity of the instance of E18 Physical Thing. Therefore this multiple inheritance is unambiguous and effective and furthermore corresponds to the intuitions of natural language.
+
+The CIDOC CRM is generally not concerned with amounts of matter in fluid or gaseous states.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Физический Объект
+ Objet matériel
+ Physical Object
+ Υλικό Αντικείμενο
+ Materieller Gegenstand
+ Objeto Material
+ 实体物件
+ This class comprises items of a material nature that are units for documentation and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects.
+The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen. Typically, instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy).
+In some contexts, such objects, except for aggregates, are also called “bona fide objects” (Smith & Varzi, 2000, pp.401-420), i.e. naturally defined objects.
+The decision as to what is documented as a complete item, rather than by its parts or components, may be a purely administrative decision or may be a result of the order in which the item was acquired.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Биологический Объект
+ Biological Object
+ Βιολογικό Ακτικείμενο
+ Objet biologique
+ Biologischer Gegenstand
+ Objeto Biológico
+ 生物体
+ This class comprises individual items of a material nature, which live, have lived or are natural products of or from living organisms.
+Artificial objects that incorporate biological elements, such as Victorian butterfly frames, can be documented as both instances of E20 Biological Object and E22 Man-Made Object.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Person
+ Personne
+ Person
+ Личность
+ Πρόσωπο
+ Pessoa
+ 人物
+ This class comprises real persons who live or are assumed to have lived.
+Legendary figures that may have existed, such as Ulysses and King Arthur, fall into this class if the documentation refers to them as historical figures. In cases where doubt exists as to whether several persons are in fact identical, multiple instances can be created and linked to indicate their relationship. The CRM does not propose a specific form to support reasoning about possible identity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Objet fabriqué
+ Ανθρωπογενές Αντικείμενο
+ Künstlicher Gegenstand
+ Рукотворный Объект
+ Man-Made Object
+ Objeto Fabricado
+ 人造物件
+ This class comprises physical objects purposely created by human activity.
+No assumptions are made as to the extent of modification required to justify regarding an object as man-made. For example, an inscribed piece of rock or a preserved butterfly are both regarded as instances of E22 Man-Made Object.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Физическая Рукотворная Вещь
+ Physical Man-Made Thing
+ Ανθρωπογενές Υλικό Πράγμα
+ Hergestelltes
+ Chose matérielle fabriquée
+ Coisa Material Fabricada
+ 人造实体物
+ This class comprises all persistent physical items that are purposely created by human activity.
+This class comprises man-made objects, such as a swords, and man-made features, such as rock art. No assumptions are made as to the extent of modification required to justify regarding an object as man-made. For example, a “cup and ring” carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Caractéristique fabriquée
+ Man-Made Feature
+ Искусственный Признак
+ Ανθρωπογενές Μόρφωμα
+ Hergestelltes Merkmal
+ Característica Fabricada
+ 人造外貌表征
+ This class comprises physical features that are purposely created by human activity, such as scratches, artificial caves, artificial water channels, etc.
+No assumptions are made as to the extent of modification required to justify regarding a feature as man-made. For example, rock art or even “cup and ring” carvings on bedrock a regarded as types of E25 Man-Made Feature.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Υλικό Μόρφωμα
+ Physical Feature
+ Физический Признак
+ Materielles Merkmal
+ Caractéristique matérielle
+ Característica Material
+ 实体外貌表征
+ This class comprises identifiable features that are physically attached in an integral way to particular physical objects.
+Instances of E26 Physical Feature share many of the attributes of instances of E19 Physical Object. They may have a one-, two- or three-dimensional geometric extent, but there are no natural borders that separate them completely in an objective way from the carrier objects. For example, a doorway is a feature but the door itself, being attached by hinges, is not.
+Instances of E26 Physical Feature can be features in a narrower sense, such as scratches, holes, reliefs, surface colours, reflection zones in an opal crystal or a density change in a piece of wood. In the wider sense, they are portions of particular objects with partially imaginary borders, such as the core of the Earth, an area of property on the surface of the Earth, a landscape or the head of a contiguous marble statue. They can be measured and dated, and it is sometimes possible to state who or what is or was responsible for them. They cannot be separated from the carrier object, but a segment of the carrier object may be identified (or sometimes removed) carrying the complete feature.
+This definition coincides with the definition of "fiat objects" (Smith & Varzi, 2000, pp.401-420), with the exception of aggregates of “bona fide objects”.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Φυσικός Χώρος
+ Site
+ Site
+ Участок
+ Gelände
+ Lugar
+ 场地
+ This class comprises pieces of land or sea floor.
+In contrast to the purely geometric notion of E53 Place, this class describes constellations of matter on the surface of the Earth or other celestial body, which can be represented by photographs, paintings and maps.
+ Instances of E27 Site are composed of relatively immobile material items and features in a particular configuration at a particular location
+
+
+
+
+ Objet conceptuel
+ Begrifflicher Gegenstand
+ Концептуальный Объект
+ Conceptual Object
+ Νοητικό Αντικείμενο
+ Objeto Conceitual
+ 概念物件
+ This class comprises non-material products of our minds and other human produced data that have become objects of a discourse about their identity, circumstances of creation or historical implication. The production of such information may have been supported by the use of technical devices such as cameras or computers.
+Characteristically, instances of this class are created, invented or thought by someone, and then may be documented or communicated between persons. Instances of E28 Conceptual Object have the ability to exist on more than one particular carrier at the same time, such as paper, electronic signals, marks, audio media, paintings, photos, human memories, etc.
+They cannot be destroyed. They exist as long as they can be found on at least one carrier or in at least one human memory. Their existence ends when the last carrier and the last memory are lost.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Σχέδιο
+ Entwurf oder Verfahren
+ Conception ou procédure
+ Проект или Процедура
+ Design or Procedure
+ Projeto ou Procedimento
+ 设计或程序
+ This class comprises documented plans for the execution of actions in order to achieve a result of a specific quality, form or contents. In particular it comprises plans for deliberate human activities that may result in the modification or production of instances of E24 Physical Thing.
+Instances of E29 Design or Procedure can be structured in parts and sequences or depend on others. This is modelled using P69 has association with (is associated with).
+Designs or procedures can be seen as one of the following:
+1. A schema for the activities it describes
+2. A schema of the products that result from their application.
+3. An independent intellectual product that may have never been applied, such as Leonardo da Vinci’s famous plans for flying machines.
+Because designs or procedures may never be applied or only partially executed, the CRM models a loose relationship between the plan and the respective product.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Право
+ Δικαίωμα
+ Droit
+ Right
+ Recht
+ Direitos
+ 权限
+ This class comprises legal privileges concerning material and immaterial things or their derivatives.
+These include reproduction and property rights
+
+
+
+
+ Document
+ Document
+ Dokument
+ Документ
+ Τεκμήριο
+ Documento
+ 文献
+ This class comprises identifiable immaterial items that make propositions about reality.
+These propositions may be expressed in text, graphics, images, audiograms, videograms or by other similar means. Documentation databases are regarded as a special case of E31 Document. This class should not be confused with the term “document” in Information Technology, which is compatible with E73 Information Object.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Referenzdokument
+ Официальный Документ
+ Document de référence
+ Πηγή Καθιερωμένων Όρων
+ Authority Document
+ Documento de Referência
+ 权威文献
+ This class comprises encyclopaedia, thesauri, authority lists and other documents that define terminology or conceptual systems for consistent use.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Линвистический Объект
+ Linguistic Object
+ Γλωσσικό Αντικείμενο
+ Objet linguistique
+ Sprachlicher Gegenstand
+ Objeto Lingüístico
+ 语言物件
+ This class comprises identifiable expressions in natural language or languages.
+Instances of E33 Linguistic Object can be expressed in many ways: e.g. as written texts, recorded speech or sign language. However, the CRM treats instances of E33 Linguistic Object independently from the medium or method by which they are expressed. Expressions in formal languages, such as computer code or mathematical formulae, are not treated as instances of E33 Linguistic Object by the CRM. These should be modelled as instances of E73 Information Object.
+The text of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object can be documented in a note by P3 has note: E62 String
+
+
+
+
+
+ Επιγραφή
+ Inscription
+ Inscription
+ Надпись
+ Inschrift
+ Inscrição
+ 题字
+ This class comprises recognisable, short texts attached to instances of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
+The transcription of the text can be documented in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. The alphabet used can be documented by P2 has type: E55 Type. This class does not intend to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of an inscription, but the underlying prototype. The physical embodiment is modelled in the CRM as E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
+The relationship of a physical copy of a book to the text it contains is modelled using E84 Information Carrier. P128 carries (is carried by): E33 Linguistic Object.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Заголовок
+ Titre
+ Titel
+ Title
+ Τίτλος
+ Título
+ 题目
+ This class comprises the names assigned to works, such as texts, artworks or pieces of music.
+Titles are proper noun phrases or verbal phrases, and should not be confused with generic object names such as “chair”, “painting” or “book” (the latter are common nouns that stand for instances of E55 Type). Titles may be assigned by the creator of the work itself, or by a social group.
+This class also comprises the translations of titles that are used as surrogates for the original titles in different social contexts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Визуальный Предмет
+ Item visuel
+ Οπτικό Στοιχείο
+ Visual Item
+ Bildliches
+ Item Visual
+ 视觉项目
+ This class comprises the intellectual or conceptual aspects of recognisable marks and images.
+This class does not intend to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of a visual item, but the underlying prototype. For example, a mark such as the ICOM logo is generally considered to be the same logo when used on any number of publications. The size, orientation and colour may change, but the logo remains uniquely identifiable. The same is true of images that are reproduced many times. This means that visual items are independent of their physical support.
+The class E36 Visual Item provides a means of identifying and linking together instances of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing that carry the same visual symbols, marks or images etc. The property P62 depicts (is depicted by) between E24 Physical Man-Made Thing and depicted subjects (E1 CRM Entity) can be regarded as a short-cut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Man-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1CRM Entity, which in addition captures the optical features of the depiction.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Пометка
+ Marque
+ Σήμανση
+ Mark
+ Marke
+ Marca
+ 标志
+ This class comprises symbols, signs, signatures or short texts applied to instances of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing by arbitrary techniques in order to indicate the creator, owner, dedications, purpose, etc.
+This class specifically excludes features that have no semantic significance, such as scratches or tool marks. These should be documented as instances of E25 Man-Made Feature.
+
+
+
+
+
+Изображение
+ Εικόνα
+ Bild
+ Image
+ Image
+ Imagem
+ 图像
+ This class comprises distributions of form, tone and colour that may be found on surfaces such as photos, paintings, prints and sculptures or directly on electronic media.
+The degree to which variations in the distribution of form and colour affect the identity of an instance of E38 Image depends on a given purpose. The original painting of the Mona Lisa in the Louvre may be said to bear the same instance of E38 Image as reproductions in the form of transparencies, postcards, posters or T-shirts, even though they may differ in size and carrier and may vary in tone and colour. The images in a “spot the difference” competition are not the same with respect to their context, however similar they may at first appear.
+
+
+
+
+
+Akteur
+Агент
+ Agent
+ Δράστης
+ Actor
+ Agente
+ 角色
+ This class comprises people, either individually or in groups, who have the potential to perform intentional actions of kinds for which someone may be held responsible.
+The CRM does not attempt to model the inadvertent actions of such actors. Individual people should be documented as instances of E21 Person, whereas groups should be documented as instances of either E74 Group or its subclass E40 Legal Body.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Collectivité
+ Juristische Person
+ Νομικό Πρόσωπο
+ Юридическое Лицо
+ Legal Body
+ Pessoa Jurídica
+ 法律组织
+ This class comprises institutions or groups of people that have obtained a legal recognition as a group and can act collectively as agents.
+This means that they can perform actions, own property, create or destroy things and can be held collectively responsible for their actions like individual people. The term 'personne morale' is often used for this in French.
+
+
+
+
+
+Benennung
+ Обозначение
+ Appellation
+ Appellation
+ Ονομασία
+ Designação
+ 称号
+ This class comprises signs, either meaningful or not, or arrangements of signs following a specific syntax, that are used or can be used to refer to and identify a specific instance of some class or category within a certain context.
+Instances of E41 Appellation do not identify things by their meaning, even if they happen to have one, but instead by convention, tradition, or agreement. Instances of E41 Appellation are cultural constructs; as such, they have a context, a history, and a use in time and space by some group of users. A given instance of E41 Appellation can have alternative forms, i.e., other instances of E41 Appellation that are always regarded as equivalent independent from the thing it denotes.
+Specific subclasses of E41 Appellation should be used when instances of E41 Appellation of a characteristic form are used for particular objects. Instances of E49 Time Appellation, for example, which take the form of instances of E50 Date, can be easily recognised.
+E41 Appellation should not be confused with the act of naming something. Cf. E15 Identifier Assignment
+
+
+
+
+Identificateur d'objet
+ Κωδικός Αναγνώρισης
+ Идентификатор Объекта
+ Kennung
+ Identifier
+ Identificador de Objeto
+ 标识符
+ This class comprises strings or codes assigned to instances of E1 CRM Entity in order to identify them uniquely and permanently within the context of one or more organisations. Such codes are often known as inventory numbers, registration codes, etc. and are typically composed of alphanumeric sequences. The class E42 Identifier is not normally used for machine-generated identifiers used for automated processing unless these are also used by human agents.
+
+
+
+Обозначение Места
+ Place Appellation
+ Appellation de lieu
+ Ortsbenennung
+ Ονομασία Τόπου
+ Designação de Local
+ 地点称号
+ This class comprises any sort of identifier characteristically used to refer to an E53 Place.
+Instances of E44 Place Appellation may vary in their degree of precision and their meaning may vary over time - the same instance of E44 Place Appellation may be used to refer to several places, either because of cultural shifts, or because objects used as reference points have moved around. Instances of E44 Place Appellation can be extremely varied in form: postal addresses, instances of E47 Spatial Coordinate, and parts of buildings can all be considered as instances of E44 Place Appellation.
+
+
+
+
+Adresse
+ Adresse
+ Διεύθυνση
+ Адрес
+ Address
+ Endereço
+ 地址
+ This class comprises identifiers expressed in coding systems for places, such as postal addresses used for mailing.
+An E45 Address can be considered both as the name of an E53 Place and as an E51 Contact Point for an E39 Actor. This dual aspect is reflected in the multiple inheritance. However, some forms of mailing addresses, such as a postal box, are only instances of E51 Contact Point, since they do not identify any particular Place. These should not be documented as instances of E45 Address.
+
+
+
+
+
+Désignation de section
+ Определение Района
+ Section Definition
+ Abschnittsdefinition
+ Ονομασία Τμήματος
+ Designação de Seção
+ 区域定义
+ This class comprises areas of objects referred to in terms specific to the general geometry or structure of its kind.
+The 'prow' of the boat, the 'frame' of the picture, the 'front' of the building are all instances of E46 Section Definition. The class highlights the fact that parts of objects can be treated as locations. This holds in particular for features without natural boundaries, such as the “head” of a marble statue made out of one block (cf. E53 Place). In answer to the question 'where is the signature?' one might reply 'on the lower left corner'. (Section Definition is closely related to the term “segment” in Gerstl, P.& Pribbenow, S, 1996 “ A conceptual theory of part – whole relations and its applications”, Data & Knowledge Engineering 20 305-322, North Holland- Elsevier ).
+
+
+
+
+Coordonnées spatiales
+ Пространственные Координаты
+ Χωρικές Συντεταγμένες
+ Raumkoordinaten
+ Spatial Coordinates
+ Coordenadas Espaciais
+ 空间坐标
+ This class comprises the textual or numeric information required to locate specific instances of E53 Place within schemes of spatial identification.
+
+Coordinates are a specific form of E44 Place Appellation, that is, a means of referring to a particular E53 Place. Coordinates are not restricted to longitude, latitude and altitude. Any regular system of reference that maps onto an E19 Physical Object can be used to generate coordinates.
+
+
+
+
+Название Места
+ Toponyme
+ Τοπωνύμιο
+ Place Name
+ Orts- oder Flurname
+ Nome de Local
+ 地名
+ This class comprises particular and common forms of E44 Place Appellation.
+Place Names may change their application over time: the name of an E53 Place may change, and a name may be reused for a different E53 Place. Instances of E48 Place Name are typically subject to place name gazetteers.
+
+
+
+Обозначение Времени
+ Ονομασία Χρόνου
+ Zeitbenennung
+ Time Appellation
+ Appellation temporelle
+ Designação de Tempo
+ 时间称号
+ This class comprises all forms of names or codes, such as historical periods, and dates, which are characteristically used to refer to a specific E52 Time-Span.
+The instances of E49 Time Appellation may vary in their degree of precision, and they may be relative to other time frames, “Before Christ” for example. Instances of E52 Time-Span are often defined by reference to a cultural period or an event e.g. ‘the duration of the Ming Dynasty’.
+
+
+
+ Datum
+ Ημερομηνία
+ Дата
+ Date
+ Date
+ Data
+ 日期
+ This class comprises specific forms of E49 Time Appellation.
+
+
+
+ Kontaktpunkt
+ Στοιχείο Επικοινωνίας
+ Coordonnées individuelles
+ Contact Point
+ Контакт
+ Ponto de Contato
+ 联系方式
+ This class comprises identifiers employed, or understood, by communication services to direct communications to an instance of E39 Actor. These include E-mail addresses, telephone numbers, post office boxes, Fax numbers, URLs etc. Most postal addresses can be considered both as instances of E44 Place Appellation and E51 Contact Point. In such cases the subclass E45 Address should be used.
+URLs are addresses used by machines to access another machine through an http request. Since the accessed machine acts on behalf of the E39 Actor providing the machine, URLs are considered as instances of E51 Contact Point to that E39 Actor.
+
+
+
+
+ Durée
+ Zeitspanne
+ Интервал Времени
+ Χρονικό Διάστημα
+ Time-Span
+ Período de Tempo
+ 时段
+ This class comprises abstract temporal extents, in the sense of Galilean physics, having a beginning, an end and a duration.
+Time Span has no other semantic connotations. Time-Spans are used to define the temporal extent of instances of E4 Period, E5 Event and any other phenomena valid for a certain time. An E52 Time-Span may be identified by one or more instances of E49 Time Appellation.
+Since our knowledge of history is imperfect, instances of E52 Time-Span can best be considered as approximations of the actual Time-Spans of temporal entities. The properties of E52 Time-Span are intended to allow these approximations to be expressed precisely. An extreme case of approximation, might, for example, define an E52 Time-Span having unknown beginning, end and duration. Used as a common E52 Time-Span for two events, it would nevertheless define them as being simultaneous, even if nothing else was known.
+ Automatic processing and querying of instances of E52 Time-Span is facilitated if data can be parsed into an E61 Time Primitive.
+
+
+
+
+Lieu
+ Place
+ Τόπος
+ Место
+ Ort
+ Local
+ 地点
+ This class comprises extents in space, in particular on the surface of the earth, in the pure sense of physics: independent from temporal phenomena and matter.
+The instances of E53 Place are usually determined by reference to the position of “immobile” objects such as buildings, cities, mountains, rivers, or dedicated geodetic marks. A Place can be determined by combining a frame of reference and a location with respect to this frame. It may be identified by one or more instances of E44 Place Appellation.
+ It is sometimes argued that instances of E53 Place are best identified by global coordinates or absolute reference systems. However, relative references are often more relevant in the context of cultural documentation and tend to be more precise. In particular, we are often interested in position in relation to large, mobile objects, such as ships. For example, the Place at which Nelson died is known with reference to a large mobile object – H.M.S Victory. A resolution of this Place in terms of absolute coordinates would require knowledge of the movements of the vessel and the precise time of death, either of which may be revised, and the result would lack historical and cultural relevance.
+Any object can serve as a frame of reference for E53 Place determination. The model foresees the notion of a "section" of an E19 Physical Object as a valid E53 Place determination.
+
+
+
+Dimension
+ Dimensions
+ Μέγεθος
+ Величина
+ Maß
+ Dimensão
+ 规模数量
+ This class comprises quantifiable properties that can be measured by some calibrated means and can be approximated by values, i.e. points or regions in a mathematical or conceptual space, such as natural or real numbers, RGB values etc.
+An instance of E54 Dimension represents the true quantity, independent from its numerical approximation, e.g. in inches or in cm. The properties of the class E54 Dimension allow for expressing the numerical approximation of the values of an instance of E54 Dimension. If the true values belong to a non-discrete space, such as spatial distances, it is recommended to record them as approximations by intervals or regions of indeterminacy enclosing the assumed true values. For instance, a length of 5 cm may be recorded as 4.5-5.5 cm, according to the precision of the respective observation. Note, that interoperability of values described in different units depends critically on the representation as value regions.
+Numerical approximations in archaic instances of E58 Measurement Unit used in historical records should be preserved. Equivalents corresponding to current knowledge should be recorded as additional instances of E54 Dimension as appropriate.
+
+
+
+
+Τύπος
+ Type
+ Type
+ Тип
+ Typus
+ Tipo
+ 类型
+ This class comprises concepts denoted by terms from thesauri and controlled vocabularies used to characterize and classify instances of CRM classes. Instances of E55 Type represent concepts in contrast to instances of E41 Appellation which are used to name instances of CRM classes.
+E55 Type is the CRM’s interface to domain specific ontologies and thesauri. These can be represented in the CRM as subclasses of E55 Type, forming hierarchies of terms, i.e. instances of E55 Type linked via P127 has broader term (has narrower term). Such hierarchies may be extended with additional properties.
+
+
+
+
+Langue
+ Язык
+ Language
+ Γλώσσα
+ Sprache
+ Língua
+ 语言
+ This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the natural languages in the sense of concepts.
+This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E56 Language, e.g.: “instances of Mandarin Chinese”.
+It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology are used to denote instances of E56 Language, such as those defined in ISO 639:1988.
+
+
+
+
+ Matériau
+ Υλικό
+ Материал
+ Material
+ Material
+ Material
+ 材料
+ This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the concepts of materials.
+Instances of E57 Material may denote properties of matter before its use, during its use, and as incorporated in an object, such as ultramarine powder, tempera paste, reinforced concrete. Discrete pieces of raw-materials kept in museums, such as bricks, sheets of fabric, pieces of metal, should be modelled individually in the same way as other objects. Discrete used or processed pieces, such as the stones from Nefer Titi's temple, should be modelled as parts (cf. P46 is composed of).
+This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E57 Material, e.g.: “instances of gold”.
+It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology are used.
+
+
+
+ Unité de mesure
+ Measurement Unit
+ Μονάδα Μέτρησης
+ Maßeinheit
+ Единица Измерения
+ Unidade de Medida
+ 测量单位
+ This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the types of measurement units: feet, inches, centimetres, litres, lumens, etc.
+This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E58 Measurement Unit, e.g.: “instances of cm”.
+Syst?me International (SI) units or internationally recognized non-SI terms should be used whenever possible. (ISO 1000:1992). Archaic Measurement Units used in historical records should be preserved.
+
+
+
+
+ Début d'existence
+ Beginning of Existence
+ Daseinsbeginn
+ Αρχή Ύπαρξης
+ Начало Существования
+ Início da Existência
+ 存在开始
+ This class comprises events that bring into existence any E77 Persistent Item.
+It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (intellectual products, physical items, groups of people, living beings) beginning to exist; it serves as a hook for determination of a terminus post quem and ante quem.
+
+
+
+ Daseinsende
+ Конец Существования
+ Τέλος Ύπαρξης
+ Fin d'existence
+ End of Existence
+ Fim da Existência
+ 存在结束
+ This class comprises events that end the existence of any E77 Persistent Item.
+It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (physical items, groups of people, living beings) ceasing to exist; it serves as a hook for determination of a terminus postquem and antequem. In cases where substance from a Persistent Item continues to exist in a new form, the process would be documented by E81 Transformation.
+
+
+
+
+ Δημιουργία
+ Событие Творения
+ Création
+ Begriffliche Schöpfung
+ Creation
+ Criação
+ 创造
+ This class comprises events that result in the creation of conceptual items or immaterial products, such as legends, poems, texts, music, images, movies, laws, types etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Formation
+ Событие Формирования
+ Formation
+ Gruppenbildung
+ Συγκρότηση Ομάδας
+ Formação
+ 组成
+ This class comprises events that result in the formation of a formal or informal E74 Group of people, such as a club, society, association, corporation or nation.
+
+E66 Formation does not include the arbitrary aggregation of people who do not act as a collective.
+The formation of an instance of E74 Group does not require that the group is populated with members at the time of formation. In order to express the joining of members at the time of formation, the respective activity should be simultaneously an instance of both E66 Formation and E85 Joining.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Birth
+ Рождение
+ Naissance
+ Geburt
+ Γέννηση
+ Nascimento
+ 诞生
+ This class comprises the births of human beings. E67 Birth is a biological event focussing on the context of people coming into life. (E63 Beginning of Existence comprises the coming into life of any living beings).
+Twins, triplets etc. are brought into life by the same E67 Birth event. The introduction of the E67 Birth event as a documentation element allows the description of a range of family relationships in a simple model. Suitable extensions may describe more details and the complexity of motherhood with the intervention of modern medicine. In this model, the biological father is not seen as a necessary participant in the E67 Birth event.
+
+
+
+
+ Роспуск
+ Gruppenauflösung
+ Διάλυση Ομάδας
+ Dissolution
+ Dissolution
+ Dissolução
+ 解散
+ This class comprises the events that result in the formal or informal termination of an E74 Group of people.
+If the dissolution was deliberate, the Dissolution event should also be instantiated as an E7 Activity.
+
+
+
+
+ Смерть
+ Death
+ Tod
+ Mort
+ Θάνατος
+ Morte
+ 死亡
+ This class comprises the deaths of human beings.
+If a person is killed, their death should be instantiated as E69 Death and as E7 Activity. The death or perishing of other living beings should be documented using E64 End of Existence.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Chose
+ Thing
+ Πράγμα
+ Sache
+ Coisa
+ 万物
+ This general class comprises discrete, identifiable, instances of E77 Persistent Item that are documented as single units, that either consist of matter or depend on being carried by matter and are characterized by relative stability.
+They may be intellectual products or physical things. They may for instance have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be a logical concept or structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+Künstliches
+ Chose fabriquée
+ Рукотворная Вещь
+ Man-Made Thing
+ Ανθρώπινο Δημιούργημα
+ Coisa Fabricada
+ 人造物
+ This class comprises discrete, identifiable man-made items that are documented as single units.
+These items are either intellectual products or man-made physical things, and are characterized by relative stability. They may for instance have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be logical concepts or structures.
+
+
+
+
+Objet juridique
+ Объект Права
+ Νομικό Αντικείμενο
+ Legal Object
+ Rechtsobjekt
+ Objeto Jurídico
+ 法律物件
+ This class comprises those material or immaterial items to which instances of E30 Right, such as the right of ownership or use, can be applied.
+This is true for all E18 Physical Thing. In the case of instances of E28 Conceptual Object, however, the identity of the E28 Conceptual Object or the method of its use may be too ambiguous to reliably establish instances of E30 Right, as in the case of taxa and inspirations. Ownership of corporations is currently regarded as out of scope of the CRM.
+
+
+
+
+ Informationsgegenstand
+ Information Object
+ Πληροφοριακό Αντικείμενο
+ Objet d'information
+ Информационный Объект
+ Objeto de Informação
+ 信息物件
+ This class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as a poems, jokes, data sets, images, texts, multimedia objects, procedural prescriptions, computer program code, algorithm or mathematical formulae, that have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units. The encoding structure known as a "named graph" also falls under this class, so that each "named graph" is an instance of an E73 Information Object.
+An E73 Information Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously.
+Instances of E73 Information Object of a linguistic nature should be declared as instances of the E33 Linguistic Object subclass. Instances of E73 Information Object of a documentary nature should be declared as instances of the E31 Document subclass. Conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E73 Information Object, nor are ideas without a reproducible expression.
+
+
+
+
+
+Группа
+ Group
+ Ομάδα
+ Menschliche Gruppe
+ Groupe
+ Grupo
+ 群组
+ This class comprises any gatherings or organizations of E39 Actors that act collectively or in a similar way due to any form of unifying relationship. In the wider sense this class also comprises official positions which used to be regarded in certain contexts as one actor, independent of the current holder of the office, such as the president of a country. In such cases, it may happen that the Group never had more than one member. A joint pseudonym (i.e., a name that seems indicative of an individual but that is actually used as a persona by two or more people) is a particular case of E74 Group.
+A gathering of people becomes an E74 Group when it exhibits organizational characteristics usually typified by a set of ideas or beliefs held in common, or actions performed together. These might be communication, creating some common artifact, a common purpose such as study, worship, business, sports, etc. Nationality can be modeled as membership in an E74 Group (cf. HumanML markup). Married couples and other concepts of family are regarded as particular examples of E74 Group.
+
+
+
+
+ Appellation d'objet conceptuel
+ Обозначение Концептуального Объекта
+ Begriff- oder Konzeptbenennung
+ Conceptual Object Appellation
+ Ονομασία Νοητικού Αντικειμένου
+ Designação de Objeto Conceitual
+ 概念物件称号
+ This class comprises appellations that are by their form or syntax specific to identifying instances of E28 Conceptual Object, such as intellectual products, standardized patterns etc.
+
+
+
+ Persistent Item
+ Постоянная Сущность
+ Seiendes
+ Ον
+ Entité persistante
+ Entidade Persistente
+ 持续性项目
+ This class comprises items that have a persistent identity, sometimes known as “endurants” in philosophy.
+They can be repeatedly recognized within the duration of their existence by identity criteria rather than by continuity or observation. Persistent Items can be either physical entities, such as people, animals or things, or conceptual entities such as ideas, concepts, products of the imagination or common names.
+The criteria that determine the identity of an item are often difficult to establish -; the decision depends largely on the judgement of the observer. For example, a building is regarded as no longer existing if it is dismantled and the materials reused in a different configuration. On the other hand, human beings go through radical and profound changes during their life-span, affecting both material composition and form, yet preserve their identity by other criteria. Similarly, inanimate objects may be subject to exchange of parts and matter. The class E77 Persistent Item does not take any position about the nature of the applicable identity criteria and if actual knowledge about identity of an instance of this class exists. There may be cases, where the identity of an E77 Persistent Item is not decidable by a certain state of knowledge.
+The main classes of objects that fall outside the scope the E77 Persistent Item class are temporal objects such as periods, events and acts, and descriptive properties.
+
+
+
+ Коллекция
+ Συλλογή
+ Collection
+ Collection
+ Sammlung
+ Coleção
+ 收藏
+ This class comprises aggregations of instances of E18 Physical Thing that are assembled and maintained ("curated" and "preserved", in museological terminology) by one or more instances of E39 Actor over time for a specific purpose and audience, and according to a particular collection development plan.
+Items may be added or removed from an E78 Collection in pursuit of this plan. This class should not be confused with the E39 Actor maintaining the E78 Collection often referred to with the name of the E78 Collection (e.g. “The Wallace Collection decided…”).
+Collective objects in the general sense, like a tomb full of gifts, a folder with stamps or a set of chessmen, should be documented as instances of E19 Physical Object, and not as instances of E78 Collection. This is because they form wholes either because they are physically bound together or because they are kept together for their functionality.
+
+
+
+
+ Addition d'élément
+ Part Addition
+ Teilhinzufügung
+ Добавление Части
+ Προσθήκη Μερών
+ Adição de Parte
+ 部件增加
+ This class comprises activities that result in an instance of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing being increased, enlarged or augmented by the addition of a part.
+Typical scenarios include the attachment of an accessory, the integration of a component, the addition of an element to an aggregate object, or the accessioning of an object into a curated E78 Collection. Objects to which parts are added are, by definition, man-made, since the addition of a part implies a human activity. Following the addition of parts, the resulting man-made assemblages are treated objectively as single identifiable wholes, made up of constituent or component parts bound together either physically (for example the engine becoming a part of the car), or by sharing a common purpose (such as the 32 chess pieces that make up a chess set). This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history and continuity of identity of objects that are integrated into other objects over time, such as precious gemstones being repeatedly incorporated into different items of jewellery, or cultural artifacts being added to different museum instances of E78 Collection over their lifespan.
+
+
+
+
+ Teilentfernung
+ Soustraction d'élément
+ Part Removal
+ Удаление Части
+ Αφαίρεση Μερών
+ Remoção de Parte
+ 部件删除
+ This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E18 Physical Thing being decreased by the removal of a part.
+Typical scenarios include the detachment of an accessory, the removal of a component or part of a composite object, or the deaccessioning of an object from a curated E78 Collection. If the E80 Part Removal results in the total decomposition of the original object into pieces, such that the whole ceases to exist, the activity should instead be modelled as an E81 Transformation, i.e. a simultaneous destruction and production. In cases where the part removed has no discernible identity prior to its removal but does have an identity subsequent to its removal, the activity should be regarded as both E80 Part Removal and E12 Production. This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history, and continuity of identity over time, of objects that are removed from other objects, such as precious gemstones being extracted from different items of jewelry, or cultural artifacts being deaccessioned from different museum collections over their lifespan.
+
+
+
+
+Трансформация
+ Transformation
+ Transformation
+ Umwandlung
+ Μετατροπή
+ Transformação
+ 转变
+ This class comprises the events that result in the simultaneous destruction of one or more than one E77 Persistent Item and the creation of one or more than one E77 Persistent Item that preserves recognizable substance from the first one(s) but has fundamentally different nature and identity.
+Although the old and the new instances of E77 Persistent Item are treated as discrete entities having separate, unique identities, they are causally connected through the E81 Transformation; the destruction of the old E77 Persistent Item(s) directly causes the creation of the new one(s) using or preserving some relevant substance. Instances of E81 Transformation are therefore distinct from re-classifications (documented using E17 Type Assignment) or modifications (documented using E11 Modification) of objects that do not fundamentally change their nature or identity. Characteristic cases are reconstructions and repurposing of historical buildings or ruins, fires leaving buildings in ruins, taxidermy of specimen in natural history and the reorganization of a corporate body into a new one.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Actor Appellation
+ Обозначение Агента
+ Ονομασία Δράστη
+ Appellation d'agent
+ Akteurbenennung
+ Designação de Agente
+ 角色称号
+ This class comprises any sort of name, number, code or symbol characteristically used to identify an E39 Actor.
+An E39 Actor will typically have more than one E82 Actor Appellation, and instances of E82 Actor Appellation in turn may have alternative representations. The distinction between corporate and personal names, which is particularly important in library applications, should be made by explicitly linking the E82 Actor Appellation to an instance of either E21 Person or E74 Group/E40 Legal Body. If this is not possible, the distinction can be made through the use of the P2 has type mechanism.
+
+
+
+
+Typuserfindung
+ Создание Типа
+ Type Creation
+ Création de type
+ Δημιουργία Τύπου
+ Criação de Tipo
+ 类型创造
+ This class comprises activities formally defining new types of items.
+It is typically a rigorous scholarly or scientific process that ensures a type is exhaustively described and appropriately named. In some cases, particularly in archaeology and the life sciences, E83 Type Creation requires the identification of an exemplary specimen and the publication of the type definition in an appropriate scholarly forum. The activity of E83 Type Creation is central to research in the life sciences, where a type would be referred to as a “taxon,” the type description as a “protologue,” and the exemplary specimens as “orgininal element” or “holotype”.
+
+
+
+
+Φορέας Πληροφορίας
+ Information Carrier
+ Носитель Информации
+ Support d'information
+ Informationsträger
+ Suporte de Informação
+ 信息载体
+ This class comprises all instances of E22 Man-Made Object that are explicitly designed to act as persistent physical carriers for instances of E73 Information Object.
+An E84 Information Carrier may or may not contain information, e.g., a diskette. Note that any E18 Physical Thing may carry information, such as an E34 Inscription. However, unless it was specifically designed for this purpose, it is not an Information Carrier. Therefore the property P128 carries (is carried by) applies to E18 Physical Thing in general.
+
+
+
+
+ Beitritt
+ Joining
+ 加入
+ This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor becoming a member of an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party. It may be the initiative of a third party.
+Typical scenarios include becoming a member of a social organisation, becoming employee of a company, marriage, the adoption of a child by a family and the inauguration of somebody into an official position.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Austritt
+ Leaving
+ 脱离
+ This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor to be disassociated from an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party. It may be the initiative of a third party.
+Typical scenarios include the termination of membership in a social organisation, ending the employment at a company, divorce, and the end of tenure of somebody in an official position.
+
+
+
+ Kuratorische Tätigkeit
+ Curation Activity
+ 典藏管理
+ This class comprises the activities that result in the continuity of management and the preservation and evolution of instances of E78 Collection, following an implicit or explicit curation plan.
+It specializes the notion of activity into the curation of a collection and allows the history of curation to be recorded.
+Items are accumulated and organized following criteria like subject, chronological period, material type, style of art etc. and can be added or removed from an E78 Collection for a specific purpose and/or audience. The initial aggregation of items of a collection is regarded as an instance of E12 Production Event while the activity of evolving, preserving and promoting a collection is regarded as an instance of E87 Curation Activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Aussagenobjekt
+ Propositional Object
+ 陈述性物件
+ This class comprises immaterial items, including but not limited to stories, plots, procedural prescriptions, algorithms, laws of physics or images that are, or represent in some sense, sets of propositions about real or imaginary things and that are documented as single units or serve as topics of discourse.
+
+This class also comprises items that are “about” something in the sense of a subject. In the wider sense, this class includes expressions of psychological value such as non-figural art and musical themes. However, conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E89 Propositional Object. This should not be confused with the definition of a type, which is indeed an instance of E89 Propositional Object.
+
+
+
+
+ Symbolisches Objekt
+ Symbolic Object
+ 符号物件
+ This class comprises identifiable symbols and any aggregation of symbols, such as characters, identifiers, traffic signs, emblems, texts, data sets, images, musical scores, multimedia objects, computer program code or mathematical formulae that have an objectively recognizable structure and that are documented as single units.
+ It includes sets of signs of any nature, which may serve to designate something, or to communicate some propositional content.
+ An instance of E90 Symbolic Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. An instance of E90 Symbolic Object may or may not have a specific meaning, for example an arbitrary character string.
+ In some cases, the content of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object may completely be represented by a serialized content model, such.. as the property P3 has note allows for describing this content model…P3.1 has type: E55 Type to specify the encoding..
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Spacetime Volume
+ This class comprises 4 dimensional point sets (volumes) in physical spacetime regardless its true geometric form. They may derive their identity from being the extent of a material phenomenon or from being the interpretation of an expression defining an extent in spacetime.
+ Intersections of instances of E92 Spacetime Volume, Place and Timespan are also regarded as instances of E92 Spacetime Volume. An instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is either contiguous or composed of a finite number of contiguous subsets.
+ Its boundaries may be fuzzy due to the properties of the phenomena it derives from or due to the limited precision up to which defining expression can be identified with a real extent in spacetime. The duration of existence of an instance of a spacetime volume is trivially its projection on time.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Presence
+ This class comprises instances of E92 Spacetime Volume that result from intersection of instances of E92 Spacetime Volume with an instance of E52 Time-Span. The identity of an instance of this class is determined by the identities of the constituing spacetime volume and the time-span.
+
+This class can be used to define temporal snapshots at a particular time-span, such as the extent of the Roman Empire at 33 B.C., or the extent occupied by a museum object at rest in an exhibit. In particular, it can be used to define the spatial projection of a spacetime volume during a particular time-span, such as the maximal spatial extent of a flood at some particular hour, or all areas covered by the Poland within the 20th century AD.
+
+
+
+
+
+ αναγνωρίζεται ως
+ wird bezeichnet als
+ is identified by
+ идентифицируется посредством
+ est identifiée par
+ é identificado por
+ 有识别称号
+ This property describes the naming or identification of any real world item by a name or any other identifier.
+This property is intended for identifiers in general use, which form part of the world the model intends to describe, and not merely for internal database identifiers which are specific to a technical system, unless these latter also have a more general use outside the technical context. This property includes in particular identification by mathematical expressions such as coordinate systems used for the identification of instances of E53 Place. The property does not reveal anything about when, where and by whom this identifier was used. A more detailed representation can be made using the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path through E15 Identifier Assignment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bezeichnet
+ идентифицирует
+ identifie
+ είναι αναγνωριστικό
+ identifies
+ identifica
+ 被用来识别
+
+
+
+
+
+ hat den Typus
+ has type
+ έχει τύπο
+ est de type
+ имеет тип
+ é do tipo
+ 有类型
+ This property allows sub typing of CRM entities - a form of specialisation – through the use of a terminological hierarchy, or thesaurus.
+The CRM is intended to focus on the high-level entities and relationships needed to describe data structures. Consequently, it does not specialise entities any further than is required for this immediate purpose. However, entities in the isA hierarchy of the CRM may by specialised into any number of sub entities, which can be defined in the E55 Type hierarchy. E51 Contact Point, for example, may be specialised into “e-mail address”, “telephone number”, “post office box”, “URL” etc. none of which figures explicitly in the CRM hierarchy. Sub typing obviously requires consistency between the meaning of the terms assigned and the more general intent of the CRM entity in question.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+является типом для
+ est le type de
+ είναι ο τύπος του/της
+ ist Typus von
+ is type of
+ é o tipo de
+ 被用来分类
+
+
+
+
+
+ hat Anmerkung
+ имеет примечание
+ has note
+ a pour note
+ έχει επεξήγηση
+ tem nota
+ 有说明
+ This property is a container for all informal descriptions about an object that have not been expressed in terms of CRM constructs.
+In particular it captures the characterisation of the item itself, its internal structures, appearance etc.
+Like property P2 has type (is type of), this property is a consequence of the restricted focus of the CRM. The aim is not to capture, in a structured form, everything that can be said about an item; indeed, the CRM formalism is not regarded as sufficient to express everything that can be said. Good practice requires use of distinct note fields for different aspects of a characterisation. The P3.1 has type property of P3 has note allows differentiation of specific notes, e.g. “construction”, “decoration” etc.
+An item may have many notes, but a note is attached to a specific item.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+a pour durée
+ has time-span
+ hat Zeitspanne
+ βρισκόταν σε εξέλιξη
+ имеет временной отрезок
+ tem período de tempo
+ 发生时段是
+ This property describes the temporal confinement of an instance of an E2 Temporal Entity.
+The related E52 Time-Span is understood as the real Time-Span during which the phenomena were active, which make up the temporal entity instance. It does not convey any other meaning than a positioning on the “time-line” of chronology. The Time-Span in turn is approximated by a set of dates (E61 Time Primitive). A temporal entity can have in reality only one Time-Span, but there may exist alternative opinions about it, which we would express by assigning multiple Time-Spans. Related temporal entities may share a Time-Span. Time-Spans may have completely unknown dates but other descriptions by which we can infer knowledge.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is time-span of
+ είναι χρονικό διάστημα του/της
+ est la durée de
+ является временным отрезком для
+ ist Zeitspanne von
+ é o período de tempo de
+ 开始并完成了
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ consists of
+ consiste en
+ αποτελείται από
+ besteht aus
+ состоит из
+ consiste de
+ 包含
+ This property describes the decomposition of an E3 Condition State into discrete, subsidiary states.
+It is assumed that the sub-states into which the condition state is analysed form a logical whole - although the entire story may not be completely known – and that the sub-states are in fact constitutive of the general condition state. For example, a general condition state of “in ruins” may be decomposed into the individual stages of decay
+
+
+
+
+
+ bildet Teil von
+ fait partie de
+ формирует часть
+ forms part of
+ αποτελεί μέρος του/της
+ faz parte de
+ 组成了
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a eu lieu dans
+ совершался на
+ έλαβε χώρα σε
+ fand statt in
+ took place at
+ ocorreu em
+ 发生地在
+ This property describes the spatial location of an instance of E4 Period.
+
+The related E53 Place should be seen as an approximation of the geographical area within which the phenomena that characterise the period in question occurred. P7took place at (witnessed) does not convey any meaning other than spatial positioning (generally on the surface of the earth). For example, the period "Révolution française" can be said to have taken place in “France”, the “Victorian” period, may be said to have taken place in “Britain” and its colonies, as well as other parts of Europe and north America.
+A period can take place at multiple locations.
+It is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E4 Period through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within (contains) to E53 Place.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a été témoin de
+ witnessed
+ bezeugte
+ был местом совершения
+ υπήρξε τόπος του
+ testemunhou
+ 发生过
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ имел место на или в
+ έλαβε χώρα σε ή εντός
+ fand statt auf oder innerhalb von
+ took place on or within
+ a eu lieu sur ou dans
+ ocorreu em ou dentro
+ 发生所在物件是
+ This property describes the location of an instance of E4 Period with respect to an E19 Physical Object.
+P8 took place on or within (witnessed) is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E4 Period through P7 took place at, E53 Place, P156 occupies (is occupied by) to E18 Physical Thing.
+
+It describes a period that can be located with respect to the space defined by an E19 Physical Object such as a ship or a building. The precise geographical location of the object during the period in question may be unknown or unimportant.
+For example, the French and German armistice of 22 June 1940 was signed in the same railway carriage as the armistice of 11 November 1918.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ являлся местом для
+ bezeugte
+ witnessed
+ a été témoin de
+ υπήρξε τόπος του
+ testemunhou
+ 发生过
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ αποτελείται από
+ consists of
+ setzt sich zusammen aus
+ состоит из
+ consiste en
+ consiste de
+ 包含子时期
+ This property associates an instance of E4 Period with another instance of E4 Period that is defined by a subset of the phenomena that define the former. Therefore the spacetime volume of the latter must fall within the spacetime volume of the former.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ αποτελεί μέρος του/της
+ формирует часть
+ bildet Teil von
+ fait partie de
+ forms part of
+ faz parte de
+ 附属於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ находится в пределах
+ εμπίπτει
+ s’insère dans le cours de
+ falls within
+ fällt in
+ está contido em
+ 发生时间涵盖於
+ This property associates an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume with another instance of E92 Spacetime Volume that falls within the latter. In other words, all points in the former are also points in the latter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ περιλαμβάνει
+ содержит
+ contains
+ contient
+ enthält
+ contém
+ 时间上涵盖
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a eu pour participant
+ имел участника
+ hatte Teilnehmer
+ had participant
+ είχε συμμέτοχο
+ tem participante
+ 有参与者
+ This property describes the active or passive participation of instances of E39 Actors in an E5 Event.
+It connects the life-line of the related E39 Actor with the E53 Place and E50 Date of the event. The property implies that the Actor was involved in the event but does not imply any causal relationship. The subject of a portrait can be said to have participated in the creation of the portrait.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ συμμετείχε σε
+ nahm Teil an
+ участвовал в
+ participated in
+ a participé à
+ participa em
+ 参与了
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ occurred in the presence of
+ появился в присутствии
+ fand statt im Beisein von
+ συνέβη παρουσία του/της
+ est arrivé en présence de
+ ocorreu na presença de
+ 发生现场存在
+ This property describes the active or passive presence of an E77 Persistent Item in an E5 Event without implying any specific role.
+It connects the history of a thing with the E53 Place and E50 Date of an event. For example, an object may be the desk, now in a museum on which a treaty was signed. The presence of an immaterial thing implies the presence of at least one of its carriers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+was present at
+ ήταν παρών/παρούσα/παρόν σε
+ war anwesend bei
+ était présent à
+ присутствовал при
+ estava presente no
+ 当时在场於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zerstörte
+ a détruit
+ уничтожил
+ κατέστρεψε
+ destroyed
+ destruiu
+ 毁灭了
+ This property allows specific instances of E18 Physical Thing that have been destroyed to be related to a destruction event.
+Destruction implies the end of an item’s life as a subject of cultural documentation – the physical matter of which the item was composed may in fact continue to exist. A destruction event may be contiguous with a Production that brings into existence a derived object composed partly of matter from the destroyed object.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wurde zerstört durch
+ was destroyed by
+ καταστράφηκε από
+ a été détruite par
+ был уничтожен посредством
+ foi destruído por
+ 被毁灭於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wurde ausgeführt von
+ réalisée par
+ carried out by
+ πραγματοποιήθηκε από
+ выполнялся
+ realizada por
+ 有执行者
+ This property describes the active participation of an E39 Actor in an E7 Activity.
+It implies causal or legal responsibility. The P14.1 in the role of property of the property allows the nature of an Actor’s participation to be specified.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ выполнял
+ πραγματοποίησε
+ führte aus
+ performed
+ a exécuté
+ executou
+ 执行了
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wurde beeinflußt durch
+ a été influencée par
+ επηρεάστηκε από
+ находился под влиянием
+ was influenced by
+ foi influenciado por
+ 有影响事物
+ This is a high level property, which captures the relationship between an E7 Activity and anything that may have had some bearing upon it.
+The property has more specific sub properties.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ оказал влияние на
+ επηρέασε
+ a influencé
+ beeinflußte
+ influenced
+ influenciou
+ 影响了
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a utilisé l'objet spécifique
+ χρησιμοποίησε αντικείμενο
+ used specific object
+ benutzte das bestimmte Objekt
+ использовал особый объект
+ usou objeto específico
+ 使用特定物
+ This property describes the use of material or immaterial things in a way essential to the performance or the outcome of an E7 Activity.
+This property typically applies to tools, instruments, moulds, raw materials and items embedded in a product. It implies that the presence of the object in question was a necessary condition for the action. For example, the activity of writing this text required the use of a computer. An immaterial thing can be used if at least one of its carriers is present. For example, the software tools on a computer.
+Another example is the use of a particular name by a particular group of people over some span to identify a thing, such as a settlement. In this case, the physical carriers of this name are at least the people understanding its use.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a été utilisé pour
+ wurde benutzt für
+ был использован для
+ was used for
+ χρησιμοποιήθηκε για
+ foi usado por
+ 被用於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ был обусловлен посредством
+ wurde angeregt durch
+ είχε ως αφορμή
+ was motivated by
+ a été motivée par
+ foi motivado por
+
+ 有促动事物
+ This property describes an item or items that are regarded as a reason for carrying out the E7 Activity.
+For example, the discovery of a large hoard of treasure may call for a celebration, an order from head quarters can start a military manoeuvre.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ήταν αφορμή
+ motivated
+ regte an
+ обусловил
+ a motivé
+ motivou
+ 促动了
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ был предполагаемым использованием для
+ était l'utilisation prévue de
+ war beabsichtigteter Gebrauch von
+ ήταν προορισμένη χρήση του
+ was intended use of
+ era prevista a utilização de
+ 特别使用了
+ This property relates an E7 Activity with objects created specifically for use in the activity.
+This is distinct from the intended use of an item in some general type of activity such as the book of common prayer which was intended for use in Church of England services (see P101 had as general use (was use of)).
+
+
+
+
+
+ a été fabriquée pour
+ έγινε για
+ был создан для
+ wurde hergestellt für
+ was made for
+ foi feito para
+ 被制造来用於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hatte den bestimmten Zweck
+ avait pour but spécifique
+ είχε συγκεκριμένο σκοπό
+ had specific purpose
+ имел конкретную цель
+ tinha propósito específico
+ 有特定目地
+ This property identifies the relationship between a preparatory activity and the event it is intended to be preparation for.
+This includes activities, orders and other organisational actions, taken in preparation for other activities or events.
+P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) implies that an activity succeeded in achieving its aim. If it does not succeed, such as the setting of a trap that did not catch anything, one may document the unrealized intention using P21 had general purpose (was purpose of):E55 Type and/or P33 used specific technique (was used by): E29 Design or Procedure.
+
+
+
+
+
+ war Zweck von
+ был целью для
+ ήταν σκοπός του/της
+ était le but de
+ was purpose of
+ era o propósito de
+ 之準備活動是
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ είχε γενικό σκοπό
+ hatte den allgemeinen Zweck
+ avait pour but général
+ имел общую цель
+ had general purpose
+ tinha propósito geral
+ 有通用目地
+ This property describes an intentional relationship between an E7 Activity and some general goal or purpose.
+This may involve activities intended as preparation for some type of activity or event. P21had general purpose (was purpose of) differs from P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) in that no occurrence of an event is implied as the purpose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ был целью для
+ était le but de
+ ήταν σκοπός του/της
+ war Zweck von
+ was purpose of
+ era o propósito de
+ 可利用
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ μετεβίβασε τον τίτλο σε
+ a fait passer le droit de propriété à
+ übertrug Besitztitel auf
+ transferred title to
+ передал право собственности
+ transferiu os direitos de propriedade para
+ 转交所有权给
+ This property identifies the E39 Actor that acquires the legal ownership of an object as a result of an E8 Acquisition.
+The property will typically describe an Actor purchasing or otherwise acquiring an object from another Actor. However, title may also be acquired, without any corresponding loss of title by another Actor, through legal fieldwork such as hunting, shooting or fishing.
+In reality the title is either transferred to or from someone, or both.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ απέκτησε τον τίτλο μέσω
+ acquired title through
+ erwarb Besitztitel durch
+ a acquis le droit de propriété du fait de
+ получил право собственности через
+ adquiriu os direitos de propriedade por meio da
+ 获取所有权於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ μετεβίβασε τον τίτλο από
+ a fait passer le droit de propriété de
+ передал право собственности от
+ übertrug Besitztitel von
+ transferred title from
+ transferiu os direitos de propriedade de
+ 原所有权者是
+
+ This property identifies the E39 Actor or Actors who relinquish legal ownership as the result of an E8 Acquisition.
+The property will typically be used to describe a person donating or selling an object to a museum. In reality title is either transferred to or from someone, or both.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a perdu le droit de propriété du fait de
+ trat Besitztitel ab in
+ право собственности отдано через
+ surrendered title through
+ παρέδωσε τον τίτλο μέσω
+ perdeu os direitos de propriedade por meio da
+ 交出所有权於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ übertrug Besitz über
+ передал право собственности на
+ μετεβίβασε τον τίτλο του/της
+ a fait passer le droit de propriété sur
+ transferred title of
+ transferiu os direitos de propriedade sobre o
+ 转移所有权的标的物是
+ This property identifies the E18 Physical Thing or things involved in an E8 Acquisition.
+In reality, an acquisition must refer to at least one transferred item.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ сменил владельца через
+ changed ownership through
+ ging über in Besitz durch
+ άλλαξε ιδιοκτησία μέσω
+ a changé de mains du fait de
+ mudou de proprietário por meio de
+ 转移了所有权於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ moved
+ μετεκίνησε
+ переместил
+ a déplacé
+ bewegte
+ locomoveu
+ 移动了
+ This property identifies an instance of E19 Physical Object that was moved by a move event. A move must concern at least one object.
+
+The property implies the object's passive participation. For example, Monet's painting "Impression sunrise" was moved for the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ перемещен посредством
+ moved by
+ μετακινήθηκε από
+ a été déplacé par
+ wurde bewegt durch
+ foi locomovido por
+ 被移动於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ μετακινήθηκε προς
+ moved to
+ a déplacé vers
+ перемещен в
+ bewegte bis zu
+ locomoveu para
+ 移入物件至
+
+ This property identifies a destination of a E9 Move.
+A move will be linked to a destination, such as the move of an artefact from storage to display. A move may be linked to many terminal instances of E53 Place by multiple instances of this property. In this case the move describes a distribution of a set of objects. The area of the move includes the origin(s), route and destination(s).
+Therefore the described destination is an instance of E53 Place which P89 falls within (contains) the instance of E53 Place the move P7 took place at.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ was destination of
+ war Zielort von
+ ήταν προορισμός του/της
+ был пунктом назначения для
+ a été la destination de
+ era destinação de
+ 被作为移入地於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ μετακινήθηκε από
+ moved from
+ a retiré de
+ bewegte weg von
+ перемещен из
+ locomoveu de
+ 有移出地
+ This property identifies a starting E53 Place of an E9 Move.
+
+A move will be linked to an origin, such as the move of an artefact from storage to display. A move may be linked to many starting instances of E53 Place by multiple instances of this property. In this case the move describes the picking up of a set of objects. The area of the move includes the origin(s), route and destination(s).
+Therefore the described origin is an instance of E53 Place which P89 falls within (contains) the instance of E53 Place the move P7 took place at.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ was origin of
+ war Ausgangsort von
+ был исходной точкой для
+ a été l'origine de
+ ήταν αφετηρία του/της
+ era origem de
+ 被作为移出地於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ changement de détenteur au détriment de
+ übergab Gewahrsam an
+ custody surrendered by
+ μετεβίβασε κατοχή από
+ опека отдана
+ custódia concedida por
+ 有原保管人
+
+ This property identifies the E39 Actor or Actors who surrender custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in an E10 Transfer of Custody activity.
+The property will typically describe an Actor surrendering custody of an object when it is handed over to someone else’s care. On occasion, physical custody may be surrendered involuntarily – through accident, loss or theft.
+In reality, custody is either transferred to someone or from someone, or both.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ surrendered custody through
+ опека отдана через
+ a cessé d’être détenteur à cause de
+ παρέδωσε κατοχή μέσω
+ wurde Gewahrsam übergeben durch
+ final da custódia por meio de
+ 交出保管作业於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+μετεβίβασε κατοχή σε
+ опека получена
+ custody received by
+ changement de détenteur au profit de
+ übertrug Gewahrsam auf
+ custódia recebida por
+ 移转保管作业给
+
+ This property identifies the E39 Actor or Actors who receive custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in an E10 Transfer of Custody activity.
+The property will typically describe Actors receiving custody of an object when it is handed over from another Actor’s care. On occasion, physical custody may be received involuntarily or illegally – through accident, unsolicited donation, or theft.
+In reality, custody is either transferred to someone or from someone, or both.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ παρέλαβε κατοχή μέσω
+ received custody through
+ получил опеку через
+ est devenu détenteur grâce à
+ erhielt Gewahrsam durch
+ início da custódia por meio de
+ 取得保管作业於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ передало опеку на
+ transferred custody of
+ changement de détenteur concernant
+ übertrug Gewahrsam über
+ μετεβίβασε κατοχή του/της/των
+ transferida custódia de
+ 有保管标的物
+
+ This property identifies an item or items of E18 Physical Thing concerned in an E10 Transfer of Custody activity.
+The property will typically describe the object that is handed over by an E39 Actor to another Actor’s custody. On occasion, physical custody may be transferred involuntarily or illegally – through accident, unsolicited donation, or theft.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ custody transferred through
+ άλλαξε κατοχή μέσω
+ a changé de détenteur du fait de
+ wechselte Gewahrsam durch
+ опека передана через
+ custódia transferida por meio de
+ 被移转了保管作业於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ veränderte
+ a modifié
+ has modified
+ изменил
+ τροποποίησε
+ modificou
+ 修改了
+
+ This property identifies the E24 Physical Man-Made Thing modified in an E11 Modification.
+If a modification is applied to a non-man-made object, it is regarded as an E22 Man-Made Object from that time onwards.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a été modifié par
+ wurde verändert durch
+ τροποποιήθηκε από
+ был изменен посредством
+ was modified by
+ foi modificada por
+ 被修改於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ χρησιμοποίησε γενική τεχνική
+ benutzte das allgemeine Verfahren
+ a employé comme technique générique
+ использовал общую технику
+ used general technique
+ usou técnica geral
+ 使用通用技术
+
+ This property identifies the technique or method that was employed in an activity.
+These techniques should be drawn from an external E55 Type hierarchy of consistent terminology of general techniques or methods such as embroidery, oil-painting, carbon dating, etc. Specific documented techniques should be described as instances of E29 Design or Procedure. This property identifies the technique that was employed in an act of modification.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ был техникой для
+ ήταν τεχνική του/της
+ war Verfahren von
+ was technique of
+ a été la technique mise en œuvre dans
+ foi técnica da
+ 被使用於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ χρησιμοποίησε συγκεκριμένη τεχνική
+ used specific technique
+ a employé comme technique spécifique
+ использовал особую технику
+ benutzte das bestimmte Verfahren
+ usou técnica específica
+ 使用特定技术
+
+ This property identifies a specific instance of E29 Design or Procedure in order to carry out an instance of E7 Activity or parts of it.
+The property differs from P32 used general technique (was technique of) in that P33 refers to an instance of E29 Design or Procedure, which is a concrete information object in its own right rather than simply being a term or a method known by tradition.
+Typical examples would include intervention plans for conservation or the construction plans of a building.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ was used by
+ a été employée par
+ был использован посредством
+ wurde benutzt von
+ χρησιμοποιήθηκε για
+ foi usada por
+ 被特别使用於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ αφορούσε σε
+ имел дело с
+ betraf
+ concerned
+ a concerné
+ interessada
+ 评估了
+ This property identifies the E18 Physical Thing that was assessed during an E14 Condition Assessment activity.
+Conditions may be assessed either by direct observation or using recorded evidence. In the latter case the E18 Physical Thing does not need to be present or extant.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wurde beurteilt durch
+ εκτιμήθηκε από
+ expertisé par le biais de
+ was assessed by
+ был оценен посредством
+ foi avaliada por
+ 被评估於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ идентифицировал
+ hat identifiziert
+ a identifié
+ έχει διαπιστώσει
+ has identified
+ identificou
+ 评估认定了
+ This property identifies the E3 Condition State that was observed in an E14 Condition Assessment activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ идентифицирован посредством
+ wurde identifiziert durch
+ est identifié par
+ έχει διαπιστωθεί από
+ was identified by
+ foi identificado por
+ 被评估认定於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a attribué
+ απέδωσε
+ assigned
+ wies zu
+ назначил
+ atribuiu
+ 指定标识符为
+ This property records the identifier that was assigned to an item in an Identifier Assignment activity.
+The same identifier may be assigned on more than one occasion.
+An Identifier might be created prior to an assignment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wurde zugewiesen durch
+ αποδόθηκε ως ιδιότητα από
+ was assigned by
+ был присвоен посредством
+ a été attribuée par
+ foi atribuído por
+ 被指定为标识符於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ακύρωσε
+ отменил назначение
+ deassigned
+ hob Zuweisung auf von
+ a désattribué
+ retirou a atribuição do
+ 取消标识符
+ This property records the identifier that was deassigned from an instance of E1 CRM Entity.
+Deassignment of an identifier may be necessary when an item is taken out of an inventory, a new numbering system is introduced or items are merged or split up.
+The same identifier may be deassigned on more than one occasion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ был отменен посредством
+ a été désattribué par
+ wurde aufgehoben durch
+ ακυρώθηκε από
+ was deassigned by
+ foi retirada a atribuição por
+ 被取消标识符於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a mesuré
+ vermaß
+ μέτρησε
+ measured
+ измерил
+ mediu
+ 测量了
+
+ This property associates an instance of E16 Measurement with the instance of E1 CRM Entity to which it applied. An instance of E1 CRM Entity may be measured more than once. Material and immaterial things and processes may be measured, e.g. the number of words in a text, or the duration of an event.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wurde vermessen durch
+ был измерен посредством
+ was measured by
+ μετρήθηκε από
+ a été mesuré par
+ foi medida por
+ 被测量於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ observed dimension
+ παρατήρησε
+ определил величину
+ beobachtete Dimension
+ a relevé comme dimension
+ verificou a dimensão
+ 观察认定的规模是
+ This property records the dimension that was observed in an E16 Measurement Event.
+E54 Dimension can be any quantifiable aspect of E70 Thing. Weight, image colour depth and monetary value are dimensions in this sense. One measurement activity may determine more than one dimension of one object.
+Dimensions may be determined either by direct observation or using recorded evidence. In the latter case the measured Thing does not need to be present or extant.
+Even though knowledge of the value of a dimension requires measurement, the dimension may be an object of discourse prior to, or even without, any measurement being made.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ наблюдался в
+ παρατηρήθηκε από
+ was observed in
+ wurde beobachtet in
+ a été relevée au cours de
+ foi verificada durante
+ 被观察认定於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ классифицировал
+ classified
+ a classifié
+ χαρακτήρισε
+ klassifizierte
+ classificou
+ 分类了
+ This property records the item to which a type was assigned in an E17 Type Assignment activity.
+Any instance of a CRM entity may be assigned a type through type assignment. Type assignment events allow a more detailed path from E1 CRM Entity through P41 classified (was classified), E17 Type Assignment, P42 assigned (was assigned by) to E55 Type for assigning types to objects compared to the shortcut offered by P2 has type (is type of).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a été classifiée par le biais de
+ was classified by
+ был классифицирован посредством
+ χαρακτηρίσθηκε από
+ wurde klassifiziert durch
+ foi classificada por
+ 被分类於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ απέδωσε ως ιδιότητα
+ assigned
+ a attribué
+ назначил
+ wies zu
+ atribuiu
+ 指定类型为
+
+ This property records the type that was assigned to an entity by an E17 Type Assignment activity.
+Type assignment events allow a more detailed path from E1 CRM Entity through P41 classified (was classified by), E17 Type Assignment, P42 assigned (was assigned by) to E55 Type for assigning types to objects compared to the shortcut offered by P2 has type (is type of).
+For example, a fragment of an antique vessel could be assigned the type “attic red figured belly handled amphora” by expert A. The same fragment could be assigned the type “shoulder handled amphora” by expert B.
+A Type may be intellectually constructed independent from assigning an instance of it.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ был присвоен посредством
+ αποδόθηκε από
+ was assigned by
+ wurde zugewiesen durch
+ a été attribué par
+ foi atribuído por
+ 被指定类型於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hat Dimension
+ a pour dimension
+ имеет величину
+ has dimension
+ έχει μέγεθος
+ tem dimensão
+ 有规模数量
+ This property records a E54 Dimension of some E70 Thing.
+It is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E70 Thing through P39 measured (was measured by), E16 Measurement P40 observed dimension (was observed in) to E54 Dimension. It offers no information about how and when an E54 Dimension was established, nor by whom.
+An instance of E54 Dimension is specific to an instance of E70 Thing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ist Dimension von
+ is dimension of
+ является величиной для
+ est dimension de
+ είναι μέγεθος του
+ é dimensão de
+ 估量的标的物是
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ имеет условие
+ hat Zustand
+ a pour état matériel
+ has condition
+ έχει κατάσταση
+ tem estado material
+ 有状态
+
+ This property records an E3 Condition State for some E18 Physical Thing.
+It is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P34 concerned (was assessed by), E14 Condition Assessment P35 has identified (was identified by) to E3 Condition State. It offers no information about how and when the E3 Condition State was established, nor by whom.
+An instance of Condition State is specific to an instance of Physical Thing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ist Zustand von
+ état matériel de
+ είναι κατάσταση του
+ является условием для
+ is condition of
+ estado material de
+ 描述的标的物是
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ consiste en
+ αποτελείται από
+ besteht aus
+ consists of
+ составлен из
+ consiste de
+ 有构成材料
+
+ This property identifies the instances of E57 Materials of which an instance of E18 Physical Thing is composed.
+All physical things consist of physical materials. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) allows the different Materials to be recorded. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) refers here to observed Material as opposed to the consumed raw material.
+A Material, such as a theoretical alloy, may not have any physical instances
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ist enthalten in
+ είναι ενσωματωμένος/η/ο σε
+ is incorporated in
+ входит в состав
+ est présent dans
+ está presente em
+ 被用来构成
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is composed of
+ est composée de
+ αποτελείται από
+ ist zusammengesetzt aus
+ составлен из
+ é composto de
+ 有组件
+
+ This property allows instances of E18 Physical Thing to be analysed into component elements.
+
+Component elements, since they are themselves instances of E18 Physical Thing, may be further analysed into sub-components, thereby creating a hierarchy of part decomposition. An instance of E18 Physical Thing may be shared between multiple wholes, for example two buildings may share a common wall. This property does not specify when and for how long a component element resided in the respective whole. If a component is not part of a whole from the beginning of existence or until the end of existence of the whole, the classes E79 Part Addition and E90 Part Removal can be used to document when a component became part of a particular whole and/or when it stopped being a part of it. For the time-span of being part of the respective whole, the component is completely contained in the place the whole occupies.
+
+This property is intended to describe specific components that are individually documented, rather than general aspects. Overall descriptions of the structure of an instance of E18 Physical Thing are captured by the P3 has note property.
+
+The instances of E57 Material of which an item of E18 Physical Thing is composed should be documented using P45 consists of (is incorporated in).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ формирует часть
+ fait partie de
+ αποτελεί μέρος του/της
+ bildet Teil von
+ forms part of
+ faz parte de
+ 被用来组成
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ has preferred identifier
+ a pour identificateur retenu
+ hat bevorzugtes Kennzeichen
+ имеет предпочтительный идентификатор
+ έχει προτιμώμενο αναγνωριστικό
+ tem identificador preferido
+ 有首选标识符
+
+ This property records the preferred E42 Identifier that was used to identify an instance of E1 CRM Entity at the time this property was recorded.
+More than one preferred identifier may have been assigned to an item over time.
+Use of this property requires an external mechanism for assigning temporal validity to the respective CRM instance.
+P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of), is a shortcut for the path from E1 CRM Entity through P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by), E15 Identifier Assignment, P37 assigned (was assigned by) to E42 Identifier. The fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be better expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable E55 Type to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment using the P2 has type property.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is preferred identifier of
+ является предпочтительным идентификатором для
+ ist bevorzugtes Kennzeichen für
+ είναι προτιμώμενο αναγνωριστικό
+ est l’identificateur retenu de
+ é o identificador preferido de
+ 首选标识符的标的物是
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ имеет бывшего или текущего смотрителя
+ είναι ή ήταν στην κατοχή του
+ est ou a été détenu par
+ hat früheren oder derzeitigen Betreuer
+ has former or current keeper
+ é ou foi guardada por
+ 有前任或现任保管者
+
+ This property identifies the E39 Actor or Actors who have or have had custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at some time.
+The distinction with P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of) is that P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of) leaves open the question as to whether the specified keepers are current.
+P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of) is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P30 transferred custody of (custody transferred through), E10 Transfer of Custody, P28 custody surrendered by (surrendered custody through) or P29 custody received by (received custody through) to E39 Actor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is former or current keeper of
+ κατέχει ή κατείχε
+ est ou a été détenteur de
+ ist früherer oder derzeitiger Betreuer von
+ является бывшим или текущим смотрителем для
+ é ou foi guardador de
+ 目前或曾经保管
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hat derzeitigen Betreuer
+ has current keeper
+ είναι στην κατοχή του
+ est actuellement détenu par
+ имеет текущего смотрителя
+ é guardada por
+ 有现任保管者
+
+ This property identifies the E39 Actor or Actors who had custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property.
+ P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of) is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P30 transferred custody of (custody transferred through), E10 Transfer of Custody, P29 custody received by (received custody through) to E39 Actor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ является текущим смотрителем для
+ is current keeper of
+ ist derzeitiger Betreuer von
+ est actuel détenteur de
+ κατέχει
+ é guardador de
+ 目前保管
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hat früheren oder derzeitigen Besitzer
+ имеет бывшего или текущего владельца
+ έχει ή είχε ιδιοκτήτη
+ est ou a été possédée par
+ has former or current owner
+ é ou foi propriedade de
+ 有前任或现任物主
+
+ This property identifies the E39 Actor that is or has been the legal owner (i.e. title holder) of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at some time.
+The distinction with P52 has current owner (is current owner of) is that P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of) does not indicate whether the specified owners are current. P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of) is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P24 transferred title of (changed ownership through), E8 Acquisition, P23 transferred title from (surrendered title through), or P22 transferred title to (acquired title through) to E39 Actor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ является бывшим или текущим владельцем для
+ είναι ή ήταν ιδιοκτήτης του/της
+ est ou a été propriétaire de
+ is former or current owner of
+ ist früherer oder derzeitiger Besitzer von
+ é ou foi proprietário de
+ 目前或曾经拥有
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ has current owner
+ hat derzeitigen Besitzer
+ имеет текущего владельца
+ est actuellement possédée par
+ έχει ιδιοκτήτη
+ é propriedade de
+ 有现任物主
+
+ This property identifies the E21 Person, E74 Group or E40 Legal Body that was the owner of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property.
+P52 has current owner (is current owner of) is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P24 transferred title of (changed ownership through), E8 Acquisition, P22 transferred title to (acquired title through) to E39 Actor, if and only if this acquisition event is the most recent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ist derzeitiger Besitzer von
+ est le propriétaire actuel de
+ is current owner of
+ является текущим владельцем для
+ είναι ιδιοκτήτης του
+ é proprietário de
+ 目前拥有
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a ou a eu pour localisation
+ βρίσκεται ή βρισκόταν σε
+ имеет текущее или бывшее местоположение
+ has former or current location
+ hat früheren oder derzeitigen Standort
+ é ou foi localizada em
+ 目前或曾经被置放於
+ This property allows an instance of E53 Place to be associated as the former or current location of an instance of E18 Physical Thing.
+In the case of E19 Physical Objects, the property does not allow any indication of the Time-Span during which the Physical Object was located at this Place, nor if this is the current location.
+In the case of immobile objects, the Place would normally correspond to the Place of creation.
+P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of) is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from E19 Physical Object through P25 moved (moved by), E9 Move, P26 moved to (was destination of) or P27 moved from (was origin of) to E53 Place.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ является текущим или бывшим местоположением для
+ is former or current location of
+ είναι ή ήταν θέση του
+ ist früherer oder derzeitiger Standort von
+ est ou a été localisation de
+ é ou foi localização de
+ 目前或曾经被置放了
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a actuellement pour localisation à demeure
+ hat derzeitigen permanenten Standort
+ has current permanent location
+ έχει μόνιμη θέση
+ имеет текущее постоянное местоположение
+ é localizado permanentemente em
+ 目前的永久位置位於
+
+ This property records the foreseen permanent location of an instance of E19 Physical Object at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property.
+P54 has current permanent location (is current permanent location of) is similar to P55 has current location (currently holds). However, it indicates the E53 Place currently reserved for an object, such as the permanent storage location or a permanent exhibit location. The object may be temporarily removed from the permanent location, for example when used in temporary exhibitions or loaned to another institution. The object may never actually be located at its permanent location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ είναι μόνιμη θέση του/της
+ ist derzeitiger permanenter Standort von
+ est actuellement localisation à demeure de
+ is current permanent location of
+ является текущим постоянным местоположением для
+ é localização permanente de
+ 目前被用来永久置放
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ βρίσκεται σε
+ has current location
+ a pour localisation actuelle
+ в данный момент находится в
+ hat derzeitigen Standort
+ é localizado em
+ 目前被置放於
+
+ This property records the location of an E19 Physical Object at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property.
+ This property is a specialisation of P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of). It indicates that the E53 Place associated with the E19 Physical Object is the current location of the object. The property does not allow any indication of how long the Object has been at the current location.
+P55 has current location (currently holds) is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from E19 Physical Object through P25 moved (moved by), E9 Move P26 moved to (was destination of) to E53 Place if and only if this Move is the most recent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hält derzeitig
+ είναι θέση του
+ в данный момент содержит
+ est localisation actuelle de
+ currently holds
+ é localização atual de
+ 目前置放了
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ несет признак
+ trägt Merkmal
+ présente pour caractéristique
+ φέρει μόρφωμα
+ bears feature
+ possui característica
+ 有外貌表征
+ This property links an instance of E19 Physical Object to an instance of E26 Physical Feature that it bears.
+An E26 Physical Feature can only exist on one object. One object may bear more than one E26 Physical Feature. An E27 Site should be considered as an E26 Physical Feature on the surface of the Earth.
+An instance B of E26 Physical Feature being a detail of the structure of another instance A of E26 Physical Feature can be linked to B by use of the property P46 is composed of (forms part of). This implies that the subfeature B is P56i found on the same E19 Physical Object as A.
+P56 bears feature (is found on) is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from E19 Physical Object through P59 has section (is located on or
+Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model 149 within), E53 Place, P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of) to E26 Physical Feature.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ βρίσκεται σε
+ se trouve sur
+ wird gefunden auf
+ is found on
+ найден на
+ é encontrada em
+ 被见於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ has number of parts
+ имеет число частей
+ έχει αριθμό μερών
+ a pour nombre de parties
+ hat Anzahl Teile
+ tem número de partes
+ 有组件数目
+
+ This property documents the E60 Number of parts of which an instance of E19 Physical Object is composed.
+This may be used as a method of checking inventory counts with regard to aggregate or collective objects. What constitutes a part or component depends on the context and requirements of the documentation. Normally, the parts documented in this way would not be considered as worthy of individual attention.
+For a more complete description, objects may be decomposed into their components and constituents using P46 is composed of (forms parts of) and P45 consists of (is incorporated in). This allows each element to be described individually.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ has section definition
+ hat Abschittsdefinition
+ имеет определение района
+ έχει ορισμό τμήματος
+ a pour désignation de section
+ tem designação de seção
+ 有区域定义
+
+ This property links an area (section) named by a E46 Section Definition to the instance of E18 Physical Thing upon which it is found.
+The CRM handles sections as locations (instances of E53 Place) within or on E18 Physical Thing that are identified by E46 Section Definitions. Sections need not be discrete and separable components or parts of an object.
+This is part of a more developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P58, E46 Section Definition, P87 is identified by (identifies) that allows a more precise definition of a location found on an object than the shortcut P59 has section (is located on or within).
+A particular instance of a Section Definition only applies to one instance of Physical Thing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ определяет район
+ defines section
+ definiert Abschitt auf oder von
+ définit une section de
+ ορίζει τμήμα σε
+ define uma seção de
+ 界定了区域於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ has section
+ έχει τομέα
+ hat Bereich
+ имеет район
+ a pour section
+ tem seção
+ 有区域
+ This property links an area to the instance of E18 Physical Thing upon which it is found.
+It is typically used when a named E46 Section Definition is not appropriate.
+E18 Physical Thing may be subdivided into arbitrary regions.
+P59 has section (is located on or within) is a shortcut. If the E53 Place is identified by a Section Definition, a more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from E18 Physical Thing through P58 has section definition (defines section), E46 Section Definition, P87 is identified by (identifies) to E53 Place. A Place can only be located on or within one Physical Object.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ находится на или внутри
+ befindet sich auf oder in
+ βρίσκεται σε ή εντός
+ se situe sur ou dans
+ is located on or within
+ está localizada sobre ou dentro de
+ 位於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bildet ab
+ описывает
+ depicts
+ απεικονίζει
+ figure
+ retrata
+ 描绘
+ This property identifies something that is depicted by an instance of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing. Depicting is meant in the sense that the surface of the E24 Physical Man-Made Thing shows, through its passive optical qualities or form, a representation of the entity depicted. It does not pertain to inscriptions or any other information encoding.
+
+This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Man-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity. P62.1 mode of depiction allows the nature of the depiction to be refined.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ απεικονίζεται σε
+ wird abgebildet durch
+ is depicted by
+ описан посредством
+ est figurée sur
+ é retratada por
+ 被描绘於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ présente l'item visuel
+ shows visual item
+ zeigt Bildliches
+ показывает визуальный предмет
+ εμφανίζει οπτικό στοιχείο
+ apresenta item visual
+ 显示视觉项目
+
+ This property documents an E36 Visual Item shown by an instance of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
+This property is similar to P62 depicts (is depicted by) in that it associates an item of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing with a visual representation. However, P65 shows visual item (is shown by) differs from the P62 depicts (is depicted by) property in that it makes no claims about what the E36 Visual Item is deemed to represent. E36 Visual Item identifies a recognisable image or visual symbol, regardless of what this image may or may not represent.
+For example, all recent British coins bear a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, a fact that is correctly documented using P62 depicts (is depicted by). Different portraits have been used at different periods, however. P65 shows visual item (is shown by) can be used to refer to a particular portrait.
+P65 shows visual item (is shown by) may also be used for Visual Items such as signs, marks and symbols, for example the 'Maltese Cross' or the 'copyright symbol’ that have no particular representational content.
+This property is part of the fully developed path from E24 Physical Man-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity which is shortcut by, P62 depicts (is depicted by).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wird gezeigt durch
+ est présenté par
+ is shown by
+ εμφανίζεται σε
+ показан посредством
+ é apresentado por
+ 被显示於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ αναφέρεται σε
+ refers to
+ ссылается на
+ fait référence à
+ verweist auf
+ referencia
+ 论及
+
+ This property documents that an E89 Propositional Object makes a statement about an instance of E1 CRM Entity. P67 refers to (is referred to by) has the P67.1 has type link to an instance of E55 Type. This is intended to allow a more detailed description of the type of reference. This differs from P129 is about (is subject of), which describes the primary subject or subjects of the E89 Propositional Object.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ est référencé par
+ αναφέρεται από
+ wird angeführt von
+ is referred to by
+ имеет ссылку на себя от
+ é referenciado por
+ 被论及於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ foresees use of
+ sieht den Gebrauch vor von
+ обычно применяет
+ utilise habituellement
+ συνήθως χρησιμοποιεί
+ normalmente emprega
+ 指定使用材料
+
+ This property identifies an E57 Material foreseeen to be used by an E29 Design or Procedure.
+E29 Designs and procedures commonly foresee the use of particular E57 Materials. The fabrication of adobe bricks, for example, requires straw, clay and water. This property enables this to be documented.
+This property is not intended for the documentation of E57 Materials that were used on a particular occasion when an instance of E29 Design or Procedure was executed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ συνήθως χρησιμοποιείται από
+ vorgesehen für Gebrauch durch defined
+ est habituellement utilisé par
+ обычно используется посредством
+ use foreseen by
+ é empregado por
+ 被指定使用於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ est associée à
+ σχετίζεται με
+ ассоциирован с
+ ist verbunden mit
+ is associated with
+ é associado com
+
+ 相关於
+ This property generalises relationships like whole-part, sequence, prerequisite or inspired by between instances of E29 Design or Procedure. Any instance of E29 Design or Procedure may be associated with other designs or procedures. The property is considered to be symmetrical unless otherwise indicated by P69.1 has type.
+The P69.1 has type property of P69 has association with allows the nature of the association to be specified reading from domain to range; examples of types of association between instances of E29 Design or Procedure include: has part, follows, requires, etc.
+The property can typically be used to model the decomposition of the description of a complete workflow into a series of separate procedures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mentionne
+ документирует
+ τεκμηριώνει
+ documents
+ belegt
+ documenta
+ 记录了
+
+ This property describes the CRM Entities documented by instances of E31 Document.
+Documents may describe any conceivable entity, hence the link to the highest-level entity in the CRM hierarchy. This property is intended for cases where a reference is regarded as being of a documentary character, in the scholarly or scientific sense.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is documented in
+ τεκμηριώνεται σε
+ wird belegt in
+ est mentionnée dans
+ документирован в
+ é documentado em
+ 被记录於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ listet
+ перечисляет
+ lists
+ περιλαμβάνει
+ définit
+ define
+ 条列出
+
+ This property documents a source E32 Authority Document for an instance of an E1 CRM Entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ περιλαμβάνεται σε
+ wird aufgelistet in
+ is listed in
+ перечислен в
+ est défini par
+ é definido por
+ 被条列於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ est en langue
+ имеет язык
+ has language
+ hat Sprache
+ έχει γλώσσα
+ é da língua
+ 使用语言
+
+ This property describes the E56 Language of an E33 Linguistic Object.
+Linguistic Objects are composed in one or more human Languages. This property allows these languages to be documented.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ist Sprache von
+ είναι γλώσσα του/της
+ est la langue de
+ является языком для
+ is language of
+ é a língua de
+ 被用来撰写
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ έχει μετάφραση
+ hat Übersetzung
+ имеет перевод
+ has translation
+ a pour traduction
+ tem tradução
+ 有译文
+
+ This property describes the source and target of instances of E33Linguistic Object involved in a translation.
+When a Linguistic Object is translated into a new language it becomes a new Linguistic Object, despite being conceptually similar to the source object.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ est la traduction de
+ является переводом
+ είναι μετάφραση του/της
+ ist Übersetzung von
+ is translation of
+ é tradução de
+ 翻译自
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ имеет текущее или бывшее местожительства
+ has current or former residence
+ hat derzeitigen oder früheren Sitz
+ έχει ή είχε κατοικία
+ réside ou a résidé à
+ reside ou residiu em
+ 目前或曾经居住於
+
+ This property describes the current or former E53 Place of residence of an E39 Actor.
+The residence may be either the Place where the Actor resides, or a legally registered address of any kind.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ είναι ή ήταν κατοικία του/της
+ ist derzeitiger oder früherer Sitz von
+ est ou a été la résidence de
+ является текущим или бывшим местом жительства для
+ is current or former residence of
+ é ou foi residência de
+ 历年来的居住者包括
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ владеет
+ κατέχει
+ besitzt
+ est détenteur de
+ possesses
+ é detentor de
+ 拥有
+
+ This property identifies former or current instances of E30 Rights held by an E39 Actor.
+
+
+
+
+
+ κατέχεται από
+ принадлежит
+ sind im Besitz von
+ est détenu par
+ is possessed by
+ são detidos por
+ 有拥有者
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ has contact point
+ имеет контакт
+ a pour coordonnées individuelles
+ έχει σημείο επικοινωνίας
+ hat Kontaktpunkt
+ possui ponto de contato
+ 有联系方式
+ This property identifies an E51 Contact Point of any type that provides access to an E39 Actor by any communication method, such as e-mail or fax.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ permettent de contacter
+ bietet Zugang zu
+ provides access to
+ παρέχει πρόσβαση σε
+ предоставляет доступ к
+ é ponto de contado de
+ 被用来联系
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ αναγνωρίζεται ως
+ est identifiée par
+ is identified by
+ идентифицируется посредством
+ wird bezeichnet als
+ é identificado por
+ 有识别称号
+
+ This property identifies an E52 Time-Span using an E49Time Appellation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ identifies
+ bezeichnet
+ identifie
+ είναι αναγνωριστικό
+ идентифицирует
+ identifica
+ 被用来识别
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ αρχή προσδιορίζεται από
+ начало ограничено
+ hat Anfangsbegründung
+ beginning is qualified by
+ début est qualifié par
+ início é qualificado por
+ 起点认定的性质是
+
+ This property qualifies the beginning of an E52 Time-Span in some way.
+The nature of the qualification may be certainty, precision, source etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ τέλος προσδιορίζεται από
+ fin est qualifiée par
+ hat Begründung des Endes
+ конец ограничен
+ end is qualified by
+ final é qualificado por
+ 终点认定的性质是
+
+ This property qualifies the end of an E52 Time-Span in some way.
+The nature of the qualification may be certainty, precision, source etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ongoing throughout
+ καθόλη τη διάρκεια του/της
+ andauernd während
+ couvre au moins
+ длится в течение
+ abrange no mínimo
+ 时段的数值至少涵盖
+
+ This property describes the minimum period of time covered by an E52 Time-Span.
+Since Time-Spans may not have precisely known temporal extents, the CRM supports statements about the minimum and maximum temporal extents of Time-Spans. This property allows a Time-Span’s minimum temporal extent (i.e. its inner boundary) to be assigned an E61 Time Primitive value. Time Primitives are treated by the CRM as application or system specific date intervals, and are not further analysed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ κάποτε εντός
+ некоторое время в течение
+ irgendwann innerhalb von
+ couvre au plus
+ at some time within
+ abrange no máximo
+ 时段的数值不会超越
+
+ This property describes the maximum period of time within which an E52 Time-Span falls.
+Since Time-Spans may not have precisely known temporal extents, the CRM supports statements about the minimum and maximum temporal extents of Time-Spans. This property allows a Time-Span’s maximum temporal extent (i.e. its outer boundary) to be assigned an E61 Time Primitive value. Time Primitives are treated by the CRM as application or system specific date intervals, and are not further analysed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a duré au moins
+ είχε ελάχιστη διάρκεια
+ hatte Mindestdauer
+ had at least duration
+ имеет длительность по крайней мере больше чем
+ durou no mínimo
+ 时间最少持续了
+
+ This property describes the minimum length of time covered by an E52 Time-Span.
+It allows an E52 Time-Span to be associated with an E54 Dimension representing it’s minimum duration (i.e. it’s inner boundary) independent from the actual beginning and end.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ είναι ελάχιστη διάρκεια του/της
+ a été la durée minimum de
+ был минимальной длительностью для
+ was minimum duration of
+ war Mindestdauer von
+ foi a duração mínima de
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ είχε μέγιστη διάρκεια
+ had at most duration
+ hatte Höchstdauer
+ имеет длительность меньше чем
+ a duré au plus
+ durou no máximo
+ 时间最多持续了
+
+ This property describes the maximum length of time covered by an E52 Time-Span.
+It allows an E52 Time-Span to be associated with an E54 Dimension representing it’s maximum duration (i.e. it’s outer boundary) independent from the actual beginning and end.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ был максимальной длительностью для
+ war längste Dauer von
+ was maximum duration of
+ είναι μέγιστη διάρκεια του/της
+ a été la durée maximum de
+ foi a duração máxima de
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+falls within
+ содержится в
+ περιέχεται σε
+ s’insère dans
+ fällt in
+ está contido em
+ 时间上被涵盖於
+ This property describes the inclusion relationship between two instances of E52 Time-Span.
+This property supports the notion that a Time-Span’s temporal extent falls within the temporal extent of another Time-Span. It addresses temporal containment only, and no contextual link between the two instances of Time-Span is implied.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inclut
+ enthält
+ contains
+ περιέχει
+ содержит
+ contém
+ 时间上涵盖了
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ αναγνωρίζεται ως
+ is identified by
+ идентифицируется посредством
+ est identifié par
+ wird bezeichnet als
+ é identificado por
+ 有辨认码
+
+ This property identifies an E53 Place using an E44 Place Appellation.
+Examples of Place Appellations used to identify Places include instances of E48 Place Name, addresses, E47 Spatial Coordinates etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bezeichnet
+ είναι αναγνωριστικό
+ идентифицирует
+ identifie
+ identifies
+ identifica
+ 被用来辨认
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ s’insère dans
+ falls within
+ содержится в
+ fällt in
+ περιέχεται σε
+ está contido em
+ 空间上被包围於
+
+ This property identifies an instance of E53 Place that falls wholly within the extent of another E53 Place.
+It addresses spatial containment only, and does not imply any relationship between things or phenomena occupying these places.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inclut
+ содержит
+ περιέχει
+ enthält
+ contains
+ contém
+ 空间上包含了
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hat Wert
+ έχει τιμή
+ a la valeur
+ имеет значение
+ has value
+ tem valor
+ 有数值
+
+ This property allows an E54 Dimension to be approximated by an E60 Number primitive.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ имеет единицу
+ έχει μονάδα μέτρησης
+ a pour unité
+ hat Einheit
+ has unit
+ tem unidade
+ 有单位
+
+ This property shows the type of unit an E54 Dimension was expressed in.
+
+
+
+
+
+ является единицей для
+ est l'unité de
+ ist Einheit von
+ αποτελεί μονάδα μέτρησης του/της
+ is unit of
+ é unidade de
+ 被当做单位来表示
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a fait exister
+ brought into existence
+ создал
+ brachte in Existenz
+ γέννησε
+ trouxe à existência
+ 开始了
+
+ This property allows an E63 Beginning of Existence event to be linked to the E77 Persistent Item brought into existence by it.
+It allows a “start” to be attached to any Persistent Item being documented i.e. E70 Thing, E72 Legal Object, E39 Actor, E41 Appellation, E51 Contact Point and E55 Type
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ was brought into existence by
+ γεννήθηκε από
+ wurde in Existenz gebracht durch
+ a commencé à exister du fait de
+ был создан посредством
+ passou a existir por
+ 被开始於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a fait cesser d’exister
+ положил конец существованию
+ beendete die Existenz von
+ took out of existence
+ αναίρεσε
+ cessou a existência de
+ 结束了
+
+ This property allows an E64 End of Existence event to be linked to the E77 Persistent Item taken out of existence by it.
+In the case of immaterial things, the E64 End of Existence is considered to take place with the destruction of the last physical carrier.
+This allows an “end” to be attached to any Persistent Item being documented i.e. E70 Thing, E72 Legal Object, E39 Actor, E41 Appellation, E51 Contact Point and E55 Type. For many Persistent Items we know the maximum life-span and can infer, that they must have ended to exist. We assume in that case an End of Existence, which may be as unnoticeable as forgetting the secret knowledge by the last representative of some indigenous nation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ прекратил существование посредством
+ a cessé d’exister du fait de
+ was taken out of existence by
+ αναιρέθηκε από
+ wurde seiner Existenz beraubt durch
+ deixou de existir
+ 被结束於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ δημιούργησε
+ создал
+ has created
+ hat erschaffen
+ a créé
+ criou
+ 创造了
+
+ This property allows a conceptual E65 Creation to be linked to the E28 Conceptual Object created by it.
+It represents the act of conceiving the intellectual content of the E28 Conceptual Object. It does not represent the act of creating the first physical carrier of the E28 Conceptual Object. As an example, this is the composition of a poem, not its commitment to paper.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ δημιουργήθηκε από
+ a été créé par
+ был создан посредством
+ was created by
+ wurde erschaffen durch
+ foi criado por
+ 被创造於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a fondé
+ сформировал
+ hat gebildet
+ has formed
+ σχημάτισε
+ formou
+ 组成了
+ This property links the founding or E66 Formation for an E74 Group with the Group itself.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a été fondé par
+ wurde gebildet von
+ σχηματίστηκε από
+ was formed by
+ была сформирована посредством
+ foi formado por
+ 被组成於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ посредством матери
+ durch Mutter
+ de mère
+ by mother
+ είχε μητέρα
+ pela mãe
+ 来自生母
+
+ This property links an E67 Birth event to an E21 Person as a participant in the role of birth-giving mother.
+
+Note that biological fathers are not necessarily participants in the Birth (see P97 from father (was father for)). The Person being born is linked to the Birth with the property P98 brought into life (was born). This is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions. This is a sub-property of P11 had participant (participated in).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ήταν μητέρα του/της
+ a donné naissance à
+ gave birth
+ дал рождение
+ gebar
+ deu nascimento
+ 成为生母於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+gab Vaterschaft
+ от отца
+ from father
+ είχε πατέρα
+ de père
+ pelo pai
+ 来自父亲
+
+ This property links an E67 Birth event to an E21 Person in the role of biological father.
+Note that biological fathers are not seen as necessary participants in the Birth, whereas birth-giving mothers are (see P96 by mother (gave birth)). The Person being born is linked to the Birth with the property P98 brought into life (was born).
+This is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions.
+A Birth event is normally (but not always) associated with one biological father.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ was father for
+ ήταν πατέρας του/της
+ a été père dans
+ war Vater für
+ был отцом для
+ foi pai para
+ 成为生父於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a donné vie à
+ brachte zur Welt
+ brought into life
+ породил
+ έφερε στη ζωή
+ trouxe à vida
+ 诞生了
+ This property links an E67Birth event to an E21 Person in the role of offspring.
+Twins, triplets etc. are brought into life by the same Birth event. This is not intended for use with general Natural History material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ est né
+ γεννήθηκε
+ wurde geboren durch
+ was born
+ был рожден
+ veio à vida pelo
+ 诞生於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ διέλυσε
+ распустил
+ a dissous
+ dissolved
+ löste auf
+ dissolveu
+ 解散了
+
+ This property links the disbanding or E68 Dissolution of an E74 Group to the Group itself.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wurde aufgelöst durch
+ был распущен посредством
+ a été dissous par
+ διαλύθηκε από
+ was dissolved by
+ foi dissolvido por
+ 被解散於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ was death of
+ a été la mort de
+ ήταν θάνατος του/της
+ Tod von
+ был смертью для
+ foi a morte para
+ 灭亡了
+
+ This property property links an E69 Death event to the E21 Person that died.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ starb in
+ est mort par
+ died in
+ πέθανε σε
+ умер в
+ morreu em
+ 死亡於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ had as general use
+ avait comme utilisation générale
+ είχε ως γενική χρήση
+ hatte die allgemeine Verwendung
+ имел основное применение
+ tem como uso geral
+ 被惯用於
+
+ This property links an instance of E70 Thing to an E55 Type of usage.
+It allows the relationship between particular things, both physical and immaterial, and general methods and techniques of use to be documented. Thus it can be asserted that a baseball bat had a general use for sport and a specific use for threatening people during the Great Train Robbery.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ war die Verwendung von
+ was use of
+ était l’utilisation de
+ был применением для
+ ήταν χρήση του/της
+ foi uso de
+ 可使用
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ has title
+ имеет заголовок
+ trägt den Titel
+ a pour titre
+ έχει τίτλο
+ tem título
+ 有标题
+ This property describes the E35 Title applied to an instance of E71 Man-Made Thing. The E55 Type of Title is assigned in a sub property.
+The P102.1 has type property of the P102 has title (is title of) property enables the relationship between the Title and the thing to be further clarified, for example, if the Title was a given Title, a supplied Title etc.
+It allows any man-made material or immaterial thing to be given a Title. It is possible to imagine a Title being created without a specific object in mind.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is title of
+ ist der Titel von
+ είναι τίτλος του/της
+ est le titre de
+ является заголовком для
+ é título de
+ 被用为标题来称呼
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ était destiné à
+ was intended for
+ bestimmt für
+ был задуман для
+ προοριζόταν για
+ era destinado à
+ 被制作来用於
+
+ This property links an instance of E71 Man-Made Thing to an E55 Type of usage.
+It creates a property between specific man-made things, both physical and immaterial, to Types of intended methods and techniques of use. Note: A link between specific man-made things and a specific use activity should be expressed using P19 was intended use of (was made for).
+
+
+
+
+
+ war Bestimmung von
+ was intention of
+ был интенцией для
+ ήταν προορισμός του
+ était la raison d'être de
+ era a destinação de
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ est sujet à
+ is subject to
+ является объектом для
+ υπόκειται σε
+ Gegenstand von
+ está sujeito à
+
+ 受制於
+ This property links a particular E72 Legal Object to the instances of E30 Right to which it is subject.
+The Right is held by an E39 Actor as described by P75 possesses (is possessed by).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ισχύει για
+ s’applique à
+ findet Anwendung auf
+ применяется к
+ applies to
+ se aplicam à
+ 被应用於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ право принадлежит
+ droit détenu par
+ Rechte stehen zu
+ δικαίωμα κατέχεται από
+ right held by
+ são direitos de
+ 有权限持有者
+
+ This property identifies the E39 Actor who holds the instances of E30 Right to an E72 Legal Object.
+ It is a superproperty of P52 has current owner (is current owner of) because ownership is a right that is held on the owned object.
+P105 right held by (has right on) is a shortcut of the fully developed path from E72 Legal Object through P104 is subject to (applies to), E30 Right, P75 possesses (is possessed by) to E39 Actor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hat Rechte an
+ владеет правом на
+ has right on
+ détient un droit sur
+ έχει δικαίωμα σε
+ possui direitos sobre
+ 持有权限来管制
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ist zusammengesetzt aus
+ составлен из
+ is composed of
+ est composé de
+ αποτελείται από
+ é composto de
+ 有组成元素
+
+ This property associates an instance of E90 Symbolic Object with a part of it that is by itself an instance of E90 Symbolic Object, such as fragments of texts or clippings from an image.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ формирует часть
+ αποτελεί μέρος του/της
+ bildet Teil von
+ fait partie de
+ forms part of
+ faz parte de
+ 组成了
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a pour membre actuel ou ancien
+ has current or former member
+ έχει ή είχε μέλος
+ имеет действующего или бывшего члена
+ hat derzeitiges oder früheres Mitglied
+ tem ou teve membro
+ 有现任或前任成员
+
+ This property relates an E39 Actor to the E74 Group of which that E39 Actor is a member.
+Groups, Legal Bodies and Persons, may all be members of Groups. A Group necessarily consists of more than one member.
+This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E74 Group through P144 joined with (gained member by), E85 Joining, P143 joined (was joined by) to E39 Actor
+The property P107.1 kind of member can be used to specify the type of membership or the role the member has in the group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ είναι ή ήταν μέλος του/της
+ is current or former member of
+ ist derzeitiges oder früheres Mitglied von
+ является действующим или бывшим членом
+ est actuel ou ancien membre de
+ é ou foi membro de
+ 目前或曾经加入群组
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ παρήγαγε
+ a produit
+ произвел
+ hat hergestellt
+ has produced
+ produziu
+ 有产出物
+
+ This property identifies the E24 Physical Man-Made Thing that came into existence as a result of an E12 Production.
+The identity of an instance of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing is not defined by its matter, but by its existence as a subject of documentation. An E12 Production can result in the creation of multiple instances of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ παρήχθη από
+ a été produit par
+ wurde hergestellt durch
+ был произведен посредством
+ was produced by
+ foi produzido por
+ 被制作於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a pour conservateur actuel ou ancien
+ hat derzeitigen oder früheren Kurator
+ has current or former curator
+ έχει ή είχε επιμελητή
+ имеет действующего или бывшего хранителя
+ tem ou teve curador
+ 有现任或前任典藏管理员
+
+ This property identifies the E39 Actor or Actors who assume or have assumed overall curatorial responsibility for an E78 Collection.
+
+It does not allow a history of curation to be recorded. This would require use of an Event initiating a curator being responsible for a Collection.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ является действующим или бывшим хранителем
+ είναι ή ήταν επιμελητής του/της
+ est ou a été le conservateur de
+ ist derzeitiger oder früherer Kurator von
+ is current or former curator of
+ é ou foi curador de
+ 目前或曾经典藏管理
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ увеличил
+ a augmenté
+ erweiterte
+ επαύξησε
+ augmented
+ aumentou
+ 扩增了
+
+ This property identifies the E24 Physical Man-Made Thing that is added to (augmented) in an E79 Part Addition.
+Although a Part Addition event normally concerns only one item of Physical Man-Made Thing, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which more than one item might be added to (augmented). For example, the artist Jackson Pollock trailing paint onto multiple canvasses.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a été augmenté par
+ was augmented by
+ был увеличен посредством
+ επαυξήθηκε από
+ wurde erweitert durch
+ foi aumentada por
+ 被扩增於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fügte hinzu
+ προσέθεσε
+ a ajouté
+ added
+ добавил
+ adicionou
+ 附加上部件
+
+ This property identifies the E18 Physical Thing that is added during an E79 Part Addition activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a été ajouté par
+ wurde hinzugefügt durch
+ was added by
+ προστέθηκε από
+ был добавлен посредством
+ foi adicionado por
+ 被附加於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ уменьшил
+ diminished
+ verminderte
+ a diminué
+ εξάλειψε
+ diminuiu
+ 缩减了
+ This property identifies the E24 Physical Man-Made Thing that was diminished by E80 Part Removal.
+Although a Part removal activity normally concerns only one item of Physical Man-Made Thing, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which more than one item might be diminished by a single Part Removal activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ was diminished by
+ εξαλείφθηκε από
+ a été diminué par
+ был уменьшен посредством
+ wurde vermindert durch
+ foi diminuído por
+ 被缩减於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ удален
+ entfernte
+ removed
+ αφαίρεσε
+ a enlevé
+ removeu
+ 移除了
+
+ This property identifies the E18 Physical Thing that is removed during an E80 Part Removal activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ αφαιρέθηκε από
+ wurde entfernt durch
+ was removed by
+ a été enlevée par
+ был удален посредством
+ foi removido por
+ 被移除於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ est temporellement égale à
+ zeitgleich zu
+ συμπίπτει χρονικά με
+ равен по времени
+ is equal in time to
+ é temporalmente igual a
+ 时段相同於
+
+ This symmetric property allows the instances of E2 Temporal Entity with the same E52 Time-Span to be equated.
+This property is only necessary if the time span is unknown (otherwise the equivalence can be calculated).
+This property is the same as the "equal" relationship of Allen’s temporal logic (Allen, 1983, pp. 832-843).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ finishes
+ заканчивает
+ beendet
+ termine
+ περατώνει
+ finaliza
+ 结束了
+ This property allows the ending point for a E2 Temporal Entity to be situated by reference to the ending point of another temporal entity of longer duration.
+This property is only necessary if the time span is unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated). This property is the same as the "finishes / finished-by" relationships of Allen’s temporal logic (Allen, 1983, pp. 832-843).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ est terminée par
+ заканчивается
+ περατώνεται με
+ wurde beendet mit
+ is finished by
+ é finalizada por
+ 被结束于
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ commence
+ starts
+ начинает
+ beginnt
+ αρχίζει
+ inicia
+ 开始了
+ This property allows the starting point for a E2 Temporal Entity to be situated by reference to the starting point of another temporal entity of longer duration.
+This property is only necessary if the time span is unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated). This property is the same as the "starts / started-by" relationships of Allen’s temporal logic (Allen, 1983, pp. 832-843).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ est commencée par
+ wurde begonnen mit
+ αρχίζει με
+ начинается
+ is started by
+ é iniciada por
+ 被开始于
+
+
+
+
+
+ fällt in
+ εμφανίζεται κατά τη διάρκεια
+ появляется во течение
+ occurs during
+ a lieu pendant
+ ocorre durante
+ 时段被涵盖於
+ This property allows the entire E52 Time-Span of an E2 Temporal Entity to be situated within the Time-Span of another temporal entity that starts before and ends after the included temporal entity.
+This property is only necessary if the time span is unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated). This property is the same as the "during / includes" relationships of Allen’s temporal logic (Allen, 1983, pp. 832-843).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ περιλαμβάνει
+ включает
+ comporte
+ includes
+ beinhaltet
+ inclui
+ 时段涵盖了
+
+
+
+
+
+ overlaps in time with
+ перекрывает во времени
+ προηγείται μερικώς επικαλύπτοντας
+ überlappt zeitlich mit
+ est partiellement recouverte dans le temps par
+ sobrepõe temporalmente
+ 时段重叠了
+ This property identifies an overlap between the instances of E52 Time-Span of two instances of E2 Temporal Entity.
+It implies a temporal order between the two entities: if A overlaps in time B, then A must start before B, and B must end after A. This property is only necessary if the relevant time spans are unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated).
+This property is the same as the "overlaps / overlapped-by" relationships of Allen’s temporal logic (Allen, 1983, pp. 832-843).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wird zeitlich überlappt von
+ перекрывается во времени
+ recouvre partiellement dans le temps
+ is overlapped in time by
+ έπεται μερικώς επικαλυπτόμενο
+ é sobreposto temporalmente por
+ 时段被重叠于
+
+
+
+
+
+ meets in time with
+ προηγείται
+ trifft zeitlich auf
+ следует во времени за
+ est temporellement contiguë avec
+ é temporalmente contíguo com
+ 紧接续了
+ This property indicates that one E2 Temporal Entity immediately follows another.
+It implies a particular order between the two entities: if A meets in time with B, then A must precede B. This property is only necessary if the relevant time spans are unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated).
+This property is the same as the "meets / met-by" relationships of Allen’s temporal logic (Allen, 1983, pp. 832-843).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ est immédiatement précédé par
+ έπεται
+ is met in time by
+ wird zeitlich getroffen von
+ предшествует во времени
+ é imediatamente precedido por
+ 紧接续於
+
+
+
+
+
+ появляется до
+ a lieu avant
+ εμφανίζεται πριν
+ occurs before
+ kommt vor
+ ocorre antes
+ 发生时段先於
+ This property identifies the relative chronological sequence of two temporal entities.
+It implies that a temporal gap exists between the end of A and the start of B. This property is only necessary if the relevant time spans are unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated).
+This property is the same as the "before / after" relationships of Allen’s temporal logic (Allen, 1983, pp. 832-843).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a lieu après
+ εμφανίζεται μετά
+ появляется после
+ kommt nach
+ occurs after
+ ocorre depois
+ 发生时段后於
+
+
+
+
+
+ επικαλύπτεται με
+ überlappt mit
+ chevauche
+ пересекается с
+ overlaps with
+ sobrepõe com
+ 空间重叠于
+ This symmetric property allows the instances of E53 Place with overlapping geometric extents to be associated with each other.
+It does not specify anything about the shared area. This property is purely spatial, in contrast to Allen operators, which are purely temporal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ граничит с
+ borders with
+ jouxte
+ grenzt an
+ συνορεύει με
+ fronteira com
+ 接壤于
+ This symmetric property allows the instances of E53 Place which share common borders to be related as such.
+This property is purely spatial, in contrast to Allen operators, which are purely temporal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a eu pour résultat
+ ergab
+ είχε ως αποτέλεσμα
+ повлек появление
+ resulted in
+ resultou em
+ 转变出
+ This property identifies the E77 Persistent Item or items that are the result of an E81 Transformation.
+New items replace the transformed item or items, which cease to exist as units of documentation. The physical continuity between the old and the new is expressed by the link to the common Transformation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ est le résultat de
+ προέκυψε από
+ был результатом
+ ergab sich aus
+ resulted from
+ resultado de
+ 肇因於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transformed
+ wandelte um
+ μετέτρεψε
+ трансформировал
+ a transformé
+ transformou
+ 转变了
+ This property identifies the E77 Persistent Item or items that cease to exist due to a E81 Transformation.
+It is replaced by the result of the Transformation, which becomes a new unit of documentation. The continuity between both items, the new and the old, is expressed by the link to the common Transformation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a été transformé par
+ был трансформирован посредством
+ μετατράπηκε από
+ was transformed by
+ wurde umgewandelt durch
+ foi transformado por
+ 被转变於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+used object of type
+ a employé un objet du type
+ использовал объект типа
+ benutzte Objekt des Typus
+ χρησιμοποίησε αντικείμενο τύπου
+ usou objeto do tipo
+ 有使用物件类型
+ This property defines the kind of objects used in an E7 Activity, when the specific instance is either unknown or not of interest, such as use of "a hammer".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ был типом объекта использованного в
+ was type of object used in
+ Objekt des Typus ... wurde benutzt in
+ était le type d’objet employé par
+ ήταν o τύπος αντικείμενου που χρησιμοποιήθηκε σε
+ foi tipo do objeto usado em
+ 被使用於
+
+
+
+
+
+ a employé
+ verwendete
+ employed
+ использовал
+ χρησιμοποίησε
+ empregou
+ 采用了材料
+ This property identifies E57 Material employed in an E11 Modification.
+The E57 Material used during the E11 Modification does not necessarily become incorporated into the E24 Physical Man-Made Thing that forms the subject of the E11 Modification.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ was employed in
+ wurde verwendet bei
+ использовался в
+ χρησιμοποιήθηκε σε
+ a été employé dans
+ foi empregado em
+ 被使用於
+
+
+
+
+
+ έχει ευρύτερο όρο
+ a pour terme générique
+ hat den Oberbegriff
+ has broader term
+ имеет вышестоящий термин
+ tem termo genérico
+ 有广义术语
+ This property identifies a super-Type to which an E55 Type is related.
+ It allows Types to be organised into hierarchies. This is the sense of "broader term generic (BTG)" as defined in ISO 2788
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a pour terme spécifique
+ hat den Unterbegriff
+ has narrower term
+ έχει στενότερο όρο
+ tem termo específico
+ 有狭义术语
+
+
+
+
+
+ carries
+ est le support de
+ несет
+ φέρει
+ trägt
+ é o suporte de
+ 承载信息
+ This property identifies an E90 Symbolic Object carried by an instance of E18 Physical Thing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ φέρεται από
+ is carried by
+ переносится посредством
+ a pour support
+ wird getragen von
+ é suportado por
+ 被承载于
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ est au sujet de
+ is about
+ касается
+ έχει ως θέμα
+ handelt über
+ é sobre
+ 陈述关於
+ This property documents that an E89 Propositional Object has as subject an instance of E1 CRM Entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ est le sujet de
+ wird behandelt in
+ является предметом для
+ είναι θέμα του/της
+ is subject of
+ é assunto de
+ 被陈述於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ παρουσιάζει χαρακτηριστικά του/της
+ shows features of
+ демонстрирует признаки
+ présente des caractéristiques de
+ zeigt Merkmale von
+ apresenta características de
+ 外观特征原出现於
+ This property generalises the notions of "copy of" and "similar to" into a dynamic, asymmetric relationship, where the domain expresses the derivative, if such a direction can be established.
+Otherwise, the relationship is symmetric. It is a short-cut of P15 was influenced by (influenced) in a creation or production, if such a reason for the similarity can be verified. Moreover it expresses similarity in cases that can be stated between two objects only, without historical knowledge about its reasons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ χαρακτηριστικά του βρίσκονται επίσης σε
+ a des caractéristiques se trouvant aussi sur
+ Merkmale auch auf
+ признаки также найдены на
+ features are also found on
+ características são também encontradas em
+ 外观特征被复制於
+
+
+
+
+
+ αναγνωρίζεται ως
+ wird identifziert durch
+ is identified by
+ est identifié par
+ идентифицируется посредством
+ é identificado por
+ 有称号
+ This property identifies a name used specifically to identify an E39 Actor.
+This property is a specialisation of P1 is identified by (identifies) is identified by.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ identifie
+ identifies
+ είναι αναγνωριστικό
+ идентифицирует
+ identifiziert
+ identifica
+ 被用来识别
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ επικαλύπτεται με
+ überlappt mit
+ chevauche
+ пересекается с
+ overlaps with
+ sobrepõe
+ 时空重叠于
+ This symmetric property allows instances of E4 Period that overlap both temporally and spatially to be related, i,e. they share some spatio-temporal extent.
+This property does not imply any ordering or sequence between the two periods, either spatial or temporal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ getrennt von
+ is separated from
+ διαχωρίζεται από
+ est séparée de
+ отделен от
+ é separado de
+ 时空不重叠于
+ This symmetric property allows instances of E4 Period that do not overlap both temporally and spatially, to be related i,e. they do not share any spatio-temporal extent.
+This property does not imply any ordering or sequence between the two periods either spatial or temporal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ setzte sich fort in
+ συνέχισε
+ продолжил
+ est la suite de
+ continued
+ continuou
+ 延续了
+ This property associates two instances of E7 Activity, where the domain is considered as an intentional continuation of the range. A continuation of an activity may happen when the continued activity is still ongoing or after the continued activity has completely ended. The continuing activity may have started already before it decided to continue the other one. Continuation implies a coherence of intentions and outcomes of the involved activities.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wurde fortgesetzt durch
+ был продолжен
+ a été continuée par
+ was continued by
+ συνεχίστηκε από
+ foi continuada por
+ 有延续活动
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ created type
+ erschuf Typus
+ δημιούργησε τύπο
+ a créé le type
+ создал тип
+ criou tipo
+ 创造了类型
+ This property identifies the E55 Type, which is created in an E83Type Creation activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ was created by
+ wurde geschaffen durch
+ a été créé par
+ δημιουργήθηκε από
+ был создан посредством
+ foi criado por
+ 被创造於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ s’est fondée sur
+ был основан на
+ stützte sich auf
+ βασίστηκε σε
+ was based on
+ foi baseado em
+ 根据了
+ This property identifies one or more items that were used as evidence to declare a new E55 Type.
+The examination of these items is often the only objective way to understand the precise characteristics of a new Type. Such items should be deposited in a museum or similar institution for that reason. The taxonomic role renders the specific relationship of each item to the Type, such as "holotype" or "original element".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ supported type creation
+ υποστήριξε τη δημιουργία τύπου
+ a justifié la création de type
+ belegte
+ поддержал создание типа
+ suportou a criação de tipo
+ 提供證據给类型创造
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exemplifies
+ exemplifie
+ δειγματίζει
+ поясняет
+ erläutert
+ é exemplificado por
+ 例示了
+ This property allows an item to be declared as a particular example of an E55 Type or taxon
+ The P137.1 in the taxonomic role property of P137 exemplifies (is exemplified by) allows differentiation of taxonomic roles. The taxonomic role renders the specific relationship of this example to the Type, such as "prototypical", "archetypical", "lectotype", etc. The taxonomic role "lectotype" is not associated with the Type Creation (E83) itself, but selected in a later phase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ поясняется посредством
+ erläutert durch Beispiel
+ is exemplified by
+ δειγματίζεται από
+ est exemplifié par
+ exemplifica
+ 有例示
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ παριστάνει
+ represents
+ представляет
+ stellt dar
+ représente
+ representa
+ 描绘了
+ This property establishes the relationship between an E36 Visual Item and the entity that it visually represents.
+Any entity may be represented visually. This property is part of the fully developed path from E24 Physical Man-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity, which is shortcut by P62depicts (is depicted by). P138.1 mode of representation allows the nature of the representation to be refined.
+This property is also used for the relationship between an original and a digitisation of the original by the use of techniques such as digital photography, flatbed or infrared scanning. Digitisation is here seen as a process with a mechanical, causal component rendering the spatial distribution of structural and optical properties of the original and does not necessarily include any visual similarity identifiable by human observation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ has representation
+ имеет представление
+ est représentée par
+ παριστάνεται από
+ wird dargestellt durch
+ tem representação
+ 有图像描绘
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a pour autre forme
+ имеет альтернативную форму
+ has alternative form
+ hat alternative Form
+ έχει εναλλακτική μορφή
+ tem forma alternativa
+ 有替代称号
+ This property establishes a relationship of equivalence between two instances of E41 Appellation independent from any item identified by them. It is a dynamic asymmetric relationship, where the range expresses the derivative, if such a direction can be established. Otherwise, the relationship is symmetric. The relationship is not transitive.
+The equivalence applies to all cases of use of an instance of E41 Appellation. Multiple names assigned to an object, which are not equivalent for all things identified with a specific instance of E41 Appellation, should be modelled as repeated values of P1 is identified by (identifies).
+P139.1 has type allows the type of derivation, such as “transliteration from Latin 1 to ASCII” be refined..
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wies Merkmal zu
+ απέδωσε ιδιότητα σε
+ assigned attribute to
+ a affecté un attribut à
+ присвоил атрибут для
+ atribuiu atributo para
+ 指定属性给
+ This property indicates the item to which an attribute or relation is assigned.
+
+
+
+
+
+ was attributed by
+ a reçu un attribut par
+ получил атрибут посредством
+ bekam Merkmal zugewiesen durch
+ χαρακτηρίστηκε από
+ foi atribuído por
+ 被指定属性於
+
+
+
+
+
+ assigned
+ присвоил
+ wies zu
+ απέδωσε
+ a attribué
+ atribuiu
+ 指定了属性值
+ This property indicates the attribute that was assigned or the item that was related to the item denoted by a property P140 assigned attribute to in an Attribute assignment action.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ был присвоен посредством
+ wurde zugewiesen durch
+ a été attribué par
+ was assigned by
+ αποδόθηκε από
+ foi atribuído por
+ 被指定了属性值於
+
+
+
+
+
+ used constituent
+ benutzte Bestandteil
+ 使用称号构成部分
+ This property associates the event of assigning an instance of E42 Identifier to an entity, with the instances of E41 Appellation that were used as elements of the identifier.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wurde benutzt in
+ was used in
+ 被用来构成称号於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ joined
+ verband
+ 加入了成员
+ This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that becomes member of a E74 Group in an E85 Joining.
+ Joining events allow for describing people becoming members of a group with a more detailed path from E74 Group through P144 joined with (gained member by), E85 Joining, P143 joined (was joined by) to E39 Actor, compared to the shortcut offered by P107 has current or former member (is current or former member of).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ was joined by
+ wurde verbunden durch
+ 被加入为成员於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ joined with
+ verband mit
+ 加入成员到
+ This property identifies the instance of E74 Group of which an instance of E39 Actor becomes a member through an instance of E85 Joining.
+Although a Joining activity normally concerns only one instance of E74 Group, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which becoming member of one Group implies becoming member of another Group as well.
+Joining events allow for describing people becoming members of a group with a more detailed path from E74 Group through P144 joined with (gained member by), E85 Joining, P143 joined (was joined by) to E39 Actor, compared to the shortcut offered by P107 has current or former member (is current or former member of).
+The property P144.1 kind of member can be used to specify the type of membership or the role the member has in the group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gained member by
+ erwarb Mitglied durch
+ 获得成员於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ separated
+ entließ
+ 分离了成员
+ This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that leaves an instance of E74 Group through an instance of E86 Leaving.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ left by
+ wurde entlassen durch
+ 脱离群组於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ separated from
+ entließ von
+ 脱离了群组
+ This property identifies the instance of E74 Group an instance of E39 Actor leaves through an instance of E86 Leaving.
+Although a Leaving activity normally concerns only one instance of E74 Group, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which leaving one E74 Group implies leaving another E74 Group as well.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lost member by
+ verlor Mitglied durch
+ 失去成员於
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ curated
+ betreute kuratorisch
+ 典藏管理了
+ This property associates an instance of E87 Curation Activity with the instance of E78 Collection that is subject of that curation activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ was curated by
+ wurde kuratorisch betreut durch
+ 被典藏管理於
+
+
+
+
+
+ has component
+ hat Bestandteil
+ 有组件
+ This property associates an instance of E89 Propositional Object with a structural part of it that is by itself an instance of E89 Propositional Object.
+
+
+
+
+
+ is component of
+ ist Bestandteil von
+ 被用来组成
+
+
+
+
+
+ is identified by
+ This property identifies an instance of E28 Conceptual Object using an instance of E75 Conceptual Object Appellation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ identifies
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defines typical parts of
+ The property "broaderPartitive" associates an instance of E55 Type “A” with an instance of E55 Type “B”, when items of type “A” typically form part of items of type “B”, such as “car motors” and “cars”.
+It allows Types to be organised into hierarchies. This is the sense of "broader term partitive (BTP)" as defined in ISO 2788 and “broaderPartitive” in SKOS.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defines typical wholes for
+
+
+
+
+
+ was formed from
+ This property associates an instance of E66 Formation with an instance of E74 Group from which the new group was formed preserving a sense of continuity such as in mission, membership or tradition.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ participated in
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ has parent
+ This property associates an instance of E21 Person with another instance of E21 Person who plays the role of the first instance’s parent, regardless of whether the relationship is biological parenthood, assumed or pretended biological parenthood or an equivalent legal status of rights and obligations obtained by a social or legal act.
+ This property is, among others, a shortcut of the fully developed paths from ‘E21Person’ through ‘P98i was born’, ‘E67 Birth’, ‘P96 by mother’ to ‘E21 Person’, and from ‘E21Person’ through ‘P98i was born’, ‘E67 Birth’, ‘P97 from father’ to ‘E21 Person’.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is parent of
+
+
+
+
+
+ occupies
+ This property describes the largest volume in space that an instance of E18 Physical Thing has occupied at any time during its existence, with respect to the reference space relative to itself. This allows you to describe the thing itself as a place that may contain other things, such as a box that may contain coins. In other words, it is the volume that contains all the points which the thing has covered at some time during its existence. In the case of an E26 Physical Feature the default reference space is the one in which the object that bears the feature or at least the surrounding matter of the feature is at rest. In this case there is a 1:1 relation of E26 Feature and E53 Place. For simplicity of implementation multiple inheritance (E26 Feature IsA E53 Place) may be a practical approach.
+
+For instances of E19 Physical Objects the default reference space is the one which is at rest to the object itself, i.e. which moves together with the object. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces.
+
+This property is a subproperty of P161 has spatial projection because it refers to its own domain as reference space for its range, whereas P161 has spatial projection may refer to a place in terms of any reference space. For some instances of E18 Physical Object the relative stability of form may not be sufficient to define a useful local reference space, for instance for an amoeba. In such cases the fully developed path to an external reference space and using a temporal validity component may be adequate to determine the place they have occupied.
+
+In contrast to P156 occupies, the property P53 has former or current location identifies an instance of E53 Place at which a thing is or has been for some unspecified time span. Further it does not constrain the reference space of the referred instance of P53 Place.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is occupied by
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is at rest relative to
+ This property associates an instance of P53 Place with the instance of E18 Physical Thing that determines a reference space for this instance of P53 Place by being at rest with respect to this reference space. The relative stability of form of an E18 Physical Thing defines its default reference space. The reference space is not spatially limited to the referred thing. For example, a ship determines a reference space in terms of which other ships in its neighbourhood may be described. Larger constellations of matter, such as continental plates, may comprise many physical features that are at rest with them and define the same reference space.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ provides reference space for
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ has temporal projection
+ This property describes the temporal projection of an instance of an E92 Spacetime Volume. The property P4 has time-span is the same as P160 has temporal projection if it is used to document an instance of E4 Period or any subclass of it.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is temporal projection of
+
+
+
+
+
+ has spatial projection
+ This property associates an instance of a E92 Spacetime Volume with an instance of E53 Place that is the result of the spatial projection of the instance of a E92 Spacetime Volume on a reference space. In general there can be more than one useful reference space to describe the spatial projection of a spacetime volume, such as that of a battle ship versus that of the seafloor. Therefore the projection is not unique.
+This is part of the fully developed path that is shortcut by P7took place at (witnessed).The more fully developed path from E4 Period through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within (contains) to E53 Place.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is spatial projection of
+
+
+
+
+
+ during
+ This property relates an E93 Presence with an arbitrary E52 Time-Span that defines the section of the spacetime volume that this instance of E93 Presence is related to by P166 was a presence of (had presence) that is concerned by this instance of E93 Presence.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ was time-span of
+
+
+
+
+
+ incorporates
+ This property associates an instance of E73 Information Object with an instance of E90 Symbolic Object (or any of its subclasses) that was included in it.
+This property makes it possible to recognise the autonomous status of the incorporated signs, which were created in a distinct context, and can be incorporated in many distinct self-contained expressions, and to highlight the difference between structural and accidental whole-part relationships between conceptual entities.
+It accounts for many cultural facts that are quite frequent and significant: the inclusion of a poem in an anthology, the re-use of an operatic aria in a new opera, the use of a reproduction of a painting for a book cover or a CD booklet, the integration of textual quotations, the presence of lyrics in a song that sets those lyrics to music, the presence of the text of a play in a movie based on that play, etc.
+In particular, this property allows for modelling relationships of different levels of symbolic specificity, such as the natural language words making up a particular text, the characters making up the words and punctuation, the choice of fonts and page layout for the characters.
+A digital photograph of a manuscript page incorporates the text of the manuscript page.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is incorporated in
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ was a presence of
+ This property relates an E93 Presence with the STV it is part of…
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ had presence
+
+
+
+
+
+ was at
+ This property points to a wider area in which my thing /event was…
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ was place of
+
+
+
+
+
+ place is defined by
+ This property associates an instance of E53 Place with an instance of E94 Space Primitive that defines it. Syntactic variants or use of different scripts may result in multiple instances of E94 Space Primitive defining exactly the same place. Transformations between different reference systems in general result in new definitions of places approximating each other and not in alternative definitions. Note that it is possible for a place to be defined by phenomena causal to it or other forms of identification rather than by an instance of E94 Space Primitive. In this case, this property must not be used for approximating the respective instance of E53 Place with an instance of E94 Space Primitive.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ end of the begin
+ τέλος της αρχής
+ Ende des Anfangs
+ fin du début
+ конец начала
+ fim do início
+ This is defined as the first boundary of the property P81
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ begin of the end
+ début de la fin
+ αρχή του τέλους
+ Anfang vom Ende
+ начать в конце
+ começar do fim
+ This is defined as the second boundary of the property P81
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ begin of the begin
+ début du début
+ αρχή της αρχής
+ Anfang des Anfangs
+ начать с начала
+ começar do início
+ This is defined as the first boundary of the property P82
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ end of the end
+ fin de la fin
+ τέλος του τέλους
+ Ende vom Ende
+ конец конец
+ fim do fim
+ This is defined as the second boundary of the property P82
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/ontology_config.json b/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/ontology_config.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3dc1f57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ontologies/cidoc-crm-ontology-master/ontology_config.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+ "base": "cidoc_crm_v6.2.xml",
+ "base_name": "CIDOC CRM v6.2",
+ "extensions": [
+ "CRMsci_v1.2.3.rdfs.xml",
+ "CRMarchaeo_v1.4.rdfs.xml",
+ "CRMgeo_v1.2.rdfs.xml",
+ "CRMdig_v3.2.1.rdfs.xml",
+ "CRMinf_v0.7.rdfs.xml",
+ "arches_crm_enhancements.xml"
+ ],
+ "base_version": "6.2",
+ "base_id": "e6e8db47-2ccf-11e6-927e-b8f6b115d7dd"
+}